Frostbite

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This article is about a medical condition. For the movie, see Frostbite (film).

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox-Template:ICD9 | }} Frostbite (congelatio in medical terminology) is the medical condition where damage is caused to skin and other tissues due to extreme cold. It is related, but not identical, to hypothermia. The early stages of frostbite are sometimes called "frostnip".

Risk factors include using beta-blockers and having conditions such as diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.

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Symptoms

Generally, frostbite is accompanied with discoloration of the skin, along with burning and/or tingling sensations, partial or complete numbness, and possibly intense pain. If the nerves and blood vessels have been severely damaged, gangrene may follow, and amputation may eventually be required. If left untreated, frostbitten skin gradually darkens after a few hours. Skin destroyed by frostbite is completely black and looks loose and flayed, as if burnt.

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Treatment

Move the victim to a warm, safe area. If medical attention is easily reachable, wrap the affected areas with dressings and/or cloths. Also, if it is unlikely that the affected areas can be kept thawed, treatment should not be carried out due to the fact that thawing followed by a second round of freezing can cause more extensive and severe damage to the frostbitten areas. Otherwise, one should place the affected areas in warm (not hot) water, until the areas are soft and sensation has returned. Afterwards, wrap the areas in clean, sterile dressings and attempt to reach medical help (if necessary). If hypothermia has occurred, treat the hypothermia first. Many pour a brand of oil on the affected area. This helps clog the pores in the skin and fill up more space, keeping it warm.

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