Group 3 element

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Period	Group 3
4	Template:Element cell
5	Template:Element cell
	Group 3/ungrouped
	Template:Element cell
	Template:Element cell
6	*Lanthanides Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell
7	**Actinides Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell Template:Element cell

The Group 3 elements are chemical elements comprising the third vertical column of the periodic table.

IUPAC has not recommended a specific format for the periodic table, so different conventions are permitted and are often used for group 3. The following d-block transition metals are always considered members of group 3:

• scandium (Sc)
• yttrium (Y)

When defining the remainder of group 3, four different conventions may be encountered. (See group number of lanthanides and actinides):

• Some tables [1] include lanthanum (La) and actinium (Ac), (the prototypes for the lanthanide and actinide series of elements, respectively) as the remaining members of group 3. In their most commonly encountered tripositive ion forms, these elements do not possess any partially filled f orbitals, thus resulting in more d-block-like behaviour.

• Some tables [2] include lutetium, (Lu) and lawrencium, (Lr) as the remaining members of group 3. These elements terminate the lanthanide and actinide series, respectively. Since the f-shell is nominally full in the ground state electron configuration for both these metals, they behave most like d-block metals out of all the lanthanides and actinides, and thus exhibit the most similarities in properties with Sc and Y. For Lr, this behavior is expected, but it has not been observed because sufficient quantities are not available. (Also see wide periodic table.)

Some tables [3] refer to all lanthanides and actinides by a marker in group 3. A third and fourth alternative are suggested by this arrangement:

• The third alternative is to regard the entire 30 lanthanide and actinide elements as included in Group 3. Lanthanides, as electropositive trivalent metals, all have a closely related chemistry, and all show many similarities to Sc and Y.

• The fourth alternative is to include none of the lanthanides and actinides in group 3. The lanthanides possess additional properties characteristic of their partially-filled f orbitals which are not common to Sc and Y. Furthermore, the actinides show a much wider variety of chemistry (for instance, in range of oxidation states) within their series than the lanthanides, and comparisons to Sc and Y are even less useful.

Occurrence

Scandium, yttrium, the and the lanthanides (except promethium) tend to occur together in the Earth's crust, and a relatively abundant compared with most d block metals, but often harder to extract for their ores.

Explanation of above periodic table slice:

Transition metals

Lanthanide series

Actinide series

atomic number in Template:Element color/Solid are solids

solid borders are primordial elements (older than the Earth)

dashed borders are naturally radioactive elements

dotted borders are synthetic elements

Periodic tables
Standard table | Vertical table | Table with names | Names and atomic masses (large) | Names and atomic masses (small) | Names and atomic masses (text only) | Inline F-block | Elements to 218 | Electron configurations | Metals and nonmetals | Table by blocks
Lists of elements
Name | Atomic symbol | Atomic number | Boiling point | Melting point | Density | Atomic mass
Groups:   1 -  2 -  3 -  4 -  5 -  6 -  7 -  8 -  9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18
Periods:  1  -  2  -  3  -  4  -  5  -  6  -  7  -  8  -  9
Series:   Alkalis  -  Alkaline earths  -  Lanthanides  -  Actinides  -  Transition metals  -  Poor metals  -  Metalloids  -  Nonmetals  -  Halogens  -  Noble gases
Blocks:  s-block  -  p-block  -  d-block  -  f-block  -  g-block

External links

• http://periodic.lanl.gov
• http://www.webelements.com
• http://www.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table/index.htmlar:عناصر المجموعة الثالثة

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