Humboldt University of Berlin

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For the Arcata, California university of similar name, see: Humboldt State University

{{Infobox_University |name=Humboldt University of Berlin |native_name=Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |latin_name=Alma Universitas Humboldtiana Berolinensis
(older: Universitas Friderica Gulielma Berolinensis) |motto= |established=1810 |type=Public university |president=Prof. Dr. Christoph Markschies |students=36,835 |staff= |city=Berlin |country=Germany |campus=urban |affiliations=EUA |website=http://www.hu-berlin.de |image=Image:Seal of the Humboldt University of Berlin.png |footnotes=Data as of 2004 }}

Image:HumboldtUniversitaet.jpg The Humboldt University of Berlin (German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities. From 1828 it was known as the Frederick William University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität), later also as the Universität unter den Linden. In 1949, it changed its name to Humboldt-Universität in honour of its founder.

The university has been home to many of Germany's greatest thinkers of the past two centuries, among them the subjective idealist philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte, the theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher, the absolute idealist philosopher G.W.F. Hegel, the Romantic legal theorist Savigny, the pessimist philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, the objective idealist philosopher Friedrich Schelling, and famous physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck. Founders of Marxist theory Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels attended the university, as did poet Heinrich Heine, German unifier Otto von Bismarck, Communist Party of Germany founder Karl Liebknecht, African American pan africanist WEB Dubois and European unifier Robert Schuman. The university is home to 29 Nobel Prize winners.

After 1933, it was, like all German universities, transformed into a Nazi educational institution. It was from the University's library that some 20,000 books by "degenerates" and opponents of the regime were taken to be burned on May 10 of that year in the Opernplatz (now the Bebelplatz) for a demonstration protected by the SA that also featured a speech by Joseph Göbbels. A monument to this can now be found in the center of the square, consisting of a glass panel opening onto an underground white room with empty shelf space for 20,000 volumes and a plaque, bearing an epigraph from an 1820 work by Heinrich Heine: "Das war ein Vorspiel nur, dort wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man am Ende auch Menschen" ("That was only a prelude; where they burn books, they ultimately burn people"). Jewish students and scholars and political opponents of Nazis were kicked out of the university and often deported and killed.

In 1946, the university opened again. The Soviet administration soon took over control of the university, relegating all students who didn't conform to Communist ideology. As a reaction, the Free University of Berlin was founded in 1948 in the Western part of the city. The communist party forced to change the name of the university in 1949. Until the collapse of the East German regime in 1989, the Humboldt University remained under tight ideological control of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Germany), or SED, which, by rigorously selecting students according to their conformity to the party line, made sure that no democratic opposition could grow on its university campuses. Its Communist-selected students and scholars did not participate in the East German democratic civil rights movements of 1989 to a considerable degree, and elected the controversial SED member and former Stasi spy Heinrich Fink as the Director of the University still in 1990.

After liberation from communism, the university was radically restructured and all professors had to apply for their professorships anew. The faculty was largely replaced with West German professors, among them renowned scholars like the art historian Horst Bredekamp and the historian Heinrich August Winkler. Today, the Humboldt University is a state university with a high number of students (37,145 in 2003, among them more than 4,662 foreign students) after the model of West German universities, and like its counterpart Free University of Berlin.

Its main building is located in the centre of Berlin at the boulevard Unter den Linden. The building was erected by Prince Heinrich of Prussia. Most institutes are located in the centre, around the main building, except the nature science institutes, which are located at Adlershof in the south of Berlin. The University continues to serve the German community.

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