I

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Template:AZ

The lowercase "i" redirects here. This article is about a letter. For other uses, see I (disambiguation).

Due to MediaWiki's uppercase algorithm, ı, the lowercase dotless i, redirects here.

I is the ninth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its English name is pronounced Template:IPA.

Contents 1 History 2 Codes for computing 3 Meanings for I 4 See also

History

Egyptian hieroglyph ˁ	Proto-Semitic Y	Phoenician Y	Etruscan I	Greek I
<hiero>D36</hiero>	Image:Proto-semiticI-02.png	Image:PhoenicianI-01.png	Image:EtruscanI-01.png	Image:GreekI-01.png

In Semitic, the letter Yôdh was probably originally a pictogram for an arm with hand, derived from a similar hieroglyph that had the value of /ˁ/ in Egyptian, but was reassigned to /j/ (pronounced as English Y in "yoke") by Semites, because their word for "arm" began with that sound. This letter could also be used for the vowel sound /i/, mainly in foreign words.

The Greeks adopted a form of this Phoenician yodh as their letter iota (Ι, ι). It stood for the vowel /i/, the same as in the Old Italic alphabet. In Latin (as in Modern Greek), it was also used for the consonant sound of /j/. The modern letter J was originally a variation of this letter, and both were interchangeably used for both the vowel and the consonant, only coming to be differentiated in the 16th century.

In modern English, I represents different sounds, mainly a "long" diphthong /ai/, that developed from /i:/ during the Great vowel shift of the 15th century, as well as the "short", open /I/ as in "bill". The dot over the lowercase 'i' is sometimes called a tittle. In the Turkish alphabet, dotted and dotless I are considered separate letters and both have uppercase (I, İ) and lowercase (ı, i) forms.

Codes for computing

{{Letter |NATO=India |Morse=·· |Character=I9 |Braille=⠊ }} In Unicode the capital I is codepoint U+0049 and the lowercase i is U+0069.

The ASCII code for capital I is 73 and for lowercase i is 105; or in binary 01001001 and 01101001, correspondingly.

The EBCDIC code for capital I is 201 and for lowercase i is 137.

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "I" and "i" for upper and lower case respectively.

Meanings for I

• In astronomy, i stands for the orbital inclination.
• In biochemistry, I is the symbol for isoleucine.
• In chemistry, I is the symbol for iodine.
• In computing, <i> is the HTML tag for marking italic type.
• In English, I is the nominative case of the pronoun denoting the first person, singular. See Wiktionary:I.
• In international licence plate codes, I stands for Italy.
• In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the letter I appears in three forms; its lowercase version, /i/, refers to the close front unrounded vowel; its barred version, Template:IPA, stands for the close central unrounded vowel; and its small capital version, Template:IPA, represents the near-close near-front unrounded vowel.
• In mathematics,
  • i denotes the imaginary unit, a complex number whose square is equal to −1.
  • I denotes the closed unit interval, which contains all real numbers from 0 to 1, inclusive
  • I denotes the identity matrix.
  • I may denote the value of an integral one is trying to evaluate.
  • i is commonly used as an index variable to coordinate vectors or matrices. It is written as a subscript after the indexed element. When used with matrices, it usually indexes rows, in which case columns are usually indexed by j.
• In physics and electronic engineering:
  • I is often the variable for electric current. Sometimes both I and i are used for static and small signal respecively. Therefore the imaginary unit is represented by j instead.
  • In QAM modulation schemes, I is used to refer to the in-phase communications channel.
    • In the YIQ colorspace commonly used with the NTSC television encoding scheme, I is the color-difference channel which is in-phase with the subcarrier.
• In programming, i is often used as a generic index variable for looping constructs.
• In radiocommunication, I is the ITU prefix allocated to Italy.
• In Roman numerals, I denotes the number 1 (there are also separate Unicode characters for this number, 0x2160 "Ⅰ" and 0x2170 "ⅰ").
• In structural engineering I is used for the moment of inertia
• In music,
  • the Roman numeral I is the tonic scale degree, chord, or diatonic function, when distinguished I = major and i = minor.
  • I is the name of the winner of the Norwegian version of Pop Idol and also World Idol, Kurt Nilsen's debut album. See I (album).
  • i is the name of an album by The Magnetic Fields.
  • i is the name of a Portuguese post-rock band
  • I is the name of a song and EP by Swedish tech metal band, Meshuggah.
• In economics, I is usually used to represent investment.
• In television, i is the television network formerly known as PAX

See also

Ì, Í, Î, Ï, Ĭ, İ

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