Image analysis
From Free net encyclopedia
Image analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.
Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information. On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers. For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Digital image analysis largely contains the fields of computer and machine vision, and makes heavy use of pattern recognition and signal processing. This field of computer science developed in the 1950s at academic institutions such as the MIT A.I. Lab, originally as a branch of artificial intelligence and robotics.
The applications of digital image analysis are continuously expanding through all areas of science and industry, including:
- medicine
- microscopy
- remote sensing
- astronomy
- defense
- materials science
- manufacturing
- security
- robotics
- document processing
- assay plate reading
Each of these application areas has spawned separate subfields of digital image analysis, with a large collection of specialized algorithms and concepts -- and with their own journals, conferences, technical societies, and so on.