Liberalism and radicalism in Italy
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This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Italy. It is limited to liberal and radical parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
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Introduction
The formation of political groups in the nineteenth century in divided Italy is based on personalities, like Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Mazzini. Monarchist liberals form the currents Destra Storica (Historical Right) and Sinistra Storica (Historical Left), republicans organise themselves as the Mazzinisti. The monarchist liberal form their party not earlier then in the 1920s. The Mazzinisti and other left-wing liberals form their parties in the end of the nineteenth century. After the end of World War II both Liberals and Republicans reorganised themselves, followed by more liberal parties in the upcoming decades. Liberalism got strongly divided after the shake up of Italian politics. Nowadays a broad group of parties, not all included, tend to use the label liberal and some liberal forces dislike the label. Liberals are now divided over the center liberal Italy of Values-List Di Pietro (Italia dei Valori - Lista Di Pietro, member LI), ELDR), the left of center Daisy (La Margherita, a merger of liberal and Christian-democratic forces, so it includes both liberals and Christian democrats), the left of center European Republican Movement (Movimento Repubblicani Europei, member ELDR), the old - nowadays right of center - Italian Republican Party (Partito Republicano Italiano, member ELDR) and the alternative liberal Italian Radicals or Lista Bonino (Radicali Italiani or Lista Bonino, member ELDR).
The timeline
Radical Party (1878)
- 1878: Progressive liberals left the Sinistra Storica and formed the Radical Party (Partito Radicale)
- 1921: When the party appeared to be unsuccessful, it disappeared
Italian Republican Party
- 1895: The Mazzinisti organised themselves in the Italian Republican Party (Partito Repubblicano Italiano)
- 1926-1943: The party is banned, but continues in exile
- 1946: A faction of the ⇒ Action Party, the Republican Democratic Party (Movimento Democratico Repubblicano), joined the party, followed by other members of the PdA
- 2003: A progressive liberal faction formed the ⇒ European Republican Movement
Italian Liberal Party (1922)
- 1922: Conservative liberals formed the Italian Liberal Party (Partito Liberale Italiano)
- 1926: The party is banned
National Union
- 1924: Anti-fascist liberals formed the National Union (Unione Nazionale)
- 1926: The party is banned
Action Party
- 1942: Liberal and social-democratic elements of the anti-fascist resistance formed the Action Party (Partito d'Azione)
- 1946: The liberal wing of the party formed the Republican Democratic Movement and joined, followed by others, the ⇒ Italian Republican Party. The party disappears
Italian Liberal Party
- 1943: Renmants of the old liberal current organised themselves in the conservative liberal Italian Liberal Party (Partito Liberale Italiano)
- 1994: After the collapse of the party system, the left wing of the party formed the Federation of Italian Liberals (Federazione dei Liberali Italiani), the right-wing continued as Italian Liberal Party (Partito Liberale Italiano)
From Radical Party (1955) to Italian Radicals
- 1955: A progressive liberal faction of the ⇒ Italian Liberal Party formed the Radical Party (Partito Radicale)
- 1992: The party is reorganised into the List Panella (Lista Panella)
- 2001: After a new reorganisation the party named itself Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani) or List Bonino (Lista Bonino)
- 2005: Italian Radicals joined Italian social-democratic party (SDI) and founded Rose in the fist. Benedetto Della Vedova, a member of Italian Radicals direction, didn't accept to support Italian left and Romano Prodi's Union (l'Unione), and decided to found a free-market movement, called Liberal Reformers (Riformatori Liberali), which supports Silvio Berlusconi's House of Liberty.
From The Democrats to Daisy
- 1999: The new centrist liberal The Democrats (I Democratici) are formed
- 2004: The party joined other centrist groups in the Daisy (La Margherita), a combination of liberals and Christian-democrats
Italy of Values-List Di Pietro
- 1999: The new liberal Italy of Values-List Di Pietro (Italia dei Valori - Lista Di Pietro) is formed
European Republican Movement
- 2003: A progressive liberal faction of the ⇒ Partito Repubblicano Italiano formed the European Republicans Movement (Movimento Repubblicani Europei)
Liberal leaders
- 19th century: Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Giuseppe Mazzini- Francesco Crispi - Agostini Depretis - Giovanni Giolitti - Carlo Rosselli
- Unione Nazionale: Giovanni Amendola
- Partito Liberale Italiano: Benedetto Croce - Luigi Einaudi
- Partito Repubblicano Italiano: Ugo la Malfa - Giovanni Spadolini
Liberal thinkers
In the Contributions to liberal theory the following Italian thinkers are included:
- Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
- Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
References
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