Luis Donaldo Colosio
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Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta (10 February 1950 – 23 March 1994) was a Mexican politician who was murdered during a stop on his presidential campaign.
Image:Luis Donaldo Colosio.jpg
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Political history
Born into a family with a long political heritage in Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Colosio Murrieta studied at the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, better known by its initials ITESM, after which he joined the PRI (1972). After that he went on to do postgraduate studies at the University of Pennsylvania in the USA and research work at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria before returning to Mexico. In 1979 he joined the Ministry of Budget and Planning under future president Carlos Salinas.
He was elected to Congress as the federal deputy for his hometown in 1985 and, in 1987, he was selected to serve on the PRI's National Executive Committee. In 1988 Carlos Salinas chose him as the campaign manager for his (successful, although suspicious) presidential campaign. In the same election, Colosio was elected to the Senate, representing Sonora.
In the early years of Salinas's presidency, Colosio served as the chairman of their party's National Executive Committee. In 1992, Salinas chose him to serve in his cabinet, in the newly created position of Social Development Secretary. In November 1993, the PRI announced that Colosio was to be its candidate for the upcoming presidential election.
Campaign for president
After a slow start, with the spotlight focusing on former foreign minister Manuel Camacho Solís's negotiations with the EZLN guerrillas, Colosio appeared to get the traditional support of the political machine of the PRI. Like all the PRI´s previous presidential candidates, he was greeted by large crowds throughout his presidential campaign, the PRI's waning popularity meant some reduction in enthusiasm. Since Mexico's constitution permits presidents to remain in power for only one term, and as an extralegal rule presidents (until Salinas) handpicked their own successors (the party's first primary election in history took place in 1999), Colosio apparently enjoyed the president's favour, expressed in his famous declaration No se hagan bolas: el candidato es Colosio (Don't get it wrong: Colosio is the candidate would be an appropriate translation, literally it means Don't turn yourselves into balls: the candidate is Colosio).
Salinas' declaration was motivated by persistent rumours that highly visible Camacho Solís would replace Colosio, who was not doing well in his campaign. Camacho let speculation grow for some time, but eventually declared he wouldn't run for office, concentrating his attention on Chiapas situation instead. The day after Camacho´s statement, Colosio was killed.
Assassination
In the early evening of 23 March 1994, at a campaign rally in Lomas Taurinas, a poor neighborhood of Tijuana, Colosio was shot in the head from a distance of a few centimeters. He collapsed, and was subsequently rushed to the city's main hospital. His death was announced a few hours later.
Although the shooter, arrested at the site, never wavered from his story that he had acted alone, rumors still surround Colosio's assassination. The poor handling of the shooter by the authorities, who shaved, bathed and gave him a prison haircut before showing him to the media, started rumours about whether that man, who looked so different to the one arrested, was really the murderer. Colosio received three bullet wounds, and it was never clear if they could have been done by a single person. The case has been officially closed after many different prosecutors investigated it, but after the many mishandlings of the investigation and contradictory versions, the controversy continues.
Blame was initially laid at the feet of aforementioned Manuel Camacho Solís, allegedly very upset at having been passed over as Salinas successor. The finger of suspicion also pointed in the direction of organized crime, particularly the Tijuana drug cartel. With the passage of time, however, the most persistent rumor, seemingly confirmed by Ernesto Zedillo's selection as the PRI presidential candidate, is that Colosio was shot on the orders of Salinas himself because of a speech Colosio gave, talking about the Mexico´s people "thirst" for justice and future. According to this rumour Salinas felt those words were a break-off between Colosio and him. The material murderer, Mario Aburto, is imprisoned at the high-security La Palma facility.
Colosio in popular culture
The first motion picture about the incident premièred in Mexico in April 2005. Initially a homevideo focusing on politicians and drug lords, produced by a small company, it was professionally post-produced for theatrical release and the storyline heavily oriented towards political satire, filming new scenes as needed. The title was changed from the highly offensive Se chingaron al candidato (Coloso) ("They fucked the candidate", "Colossus" in Spanish sounding near to Colosio) to "Magnicidio – Complot en Lomas Taurinas ("Magnicide – Conspiracy in Lomas Taurinas"). While the movie makes no attempt at historical accuracy, it remains the only finished project about Colosio, after all other attempts by Mexican and foreign directors (like Oliver Stone) were cancelled in the early stages. A dubbed version in English was simultaneously made for the international market. The main song in this movie by Diamante Films is performed by Delasónica, an alternative Spanish-language rock band from Colima, Colima. The song is called "Punto y Aparte". The rest of the musical score is by Gus Reyes. The famous Mexican rock group El Tri, also wrote a song about the assassination of Colosio:
'CON LA COLA ENTRE LAS PATAS' (with the tail between the legs)
Author: A. Lora
23 de marzo del 94, (the 23rd of March of 1994)
México nunca lo va a olvidar, (Mexico will never forget it)
cuando en las calles de Tijuana, (when in the streets of Tijuana)
Luis Donaldo Colosio
dejó de existir. (ceased in his existence)
Al candidato de la esperanza, (the Candidate of hope)
a sangre fría alguien lo acribilló, (in cold blood someone killed him)
y aunque agarraron (and although they caught)
al que le disparó, (the guy who shot him)
sigue libre el que lo mando matar. (he who ordered the murder is still free)
El pueblo esta consternado (the people are upset)
y exige justicia. (and they demand justice)
Fue como una pesadilla, (it was like a nightmare)
nadie lo podía creer, (nobody could believe it)
con él se fueron nuestros sueños de justicia (with him our dreams of justice went)
y nuestros anhelos (and our wish)
de igualdad social. (for social equality)
Ya nadie se siente seguro, (Now nobody feels safe)
después de ver lo que pasó, (after seeing what happened)
pues si a Colosio (because if Colosio)
lo asesinaron tan vilmente, (was killed in such a vile manner)
qué podemos esperar los demás. (what could the others expect)
Desde ese día todo el mundo anda, (and since that day everybody goes around)
con la cola entre las patas. (with the tail between their legs)
Ya no queremos pensar, (we don't want think anymore)
mejor queremos olvidar, (we really want to forget)
y que nadie nos diga (and that nobody tells us)
qué debemos hacer, (what we have to do)
pues nadie sabe lo que va a pasar. (because nobody knows what will happen)
Ya no queremos pensar,
mejor queremos olvidar,
y que nadie nos diga
qué debemos hacer, pues nadie sabe lo que va a pasar.
Ya no queremos pensar, mejor queremos olvidar, y que nadie nos diga qué debemos hacer, pues nadie sabe lo que va a pasar.
External links
- Probe Chronology of Events Surrounding the Assassination of Luis Colosio.
- The San Diego Union-Tribune Who killed Luis Donaldo Colosio?
- The San Diego Union-Tribune 'PRI presidential candidate slain 10 years ago today'.es:Luis Donaldo Colosio