Mustafa II
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Mustafa II (Arabic: مصطفى الثاني) (February 6, 1664 – December 28, 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703.
He was a son of sultan Mehmed IV (1648–87) and abdicated in favor of his brother Ahmed III (1703–30) in 1703.
Mustafa II sought to turn back the Austrian advance into his Empire and in 1697 took the field in person to reconquer Hungary. He was totally defeated at Zenta by Prince Eugene of Savoy and this event led the Ottomans to seek peace terms. By the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz, Mustafa II ceded Hungary and Transylvania to Austria, Morea to the Venetian Republic and withdrew Turkish forces from Polish Podolia. Also during this reign, Peter I of Russia (1682–1725) captured the Black Sea fortress of Azov from the Turks (1697).
At the end of his reign, Mustafa II sought to restore power to the Sultanate, which had been an increasingly symbolic position since the middle of the 1600s, when Mehmed IV had signed over his executive powers to the Grand Vizier. Mustafa II's strategy was to create an alternative base of power for himself by making the position of Timars, the Ottoman cavalrymen, hereditary and thus loyal to him. The Timars, however, were at this point increasingly an obselete part of the Ottoman military machine.
The strategem (called the "Edirne event" by historians) failed, and Mustafa II was deposed in the same year, 1703. Template:Start box Template:Succession box Template:End box
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