Non-English-based programming languages

From Free net encyclopedia

Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming languages that, unlike most well-known programming languages, do not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English vocabulary.

1 Categories of non-English-based programming languages
2 External links

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Categories of non-English-based programming languages

A useful categorization of non-English programming languages may be the following:

Programming languages that were originally created in a different language than English
Versions of English-based programming languages that were translated to other languages
Programming languages that do not use any natural language keywords
Fictional programming languages
Programming languages which allow modification of their own parser's syntax.

Many languages of category 2 have been developed in order to teach programming to young non-English-speaking children. It has been argued, however, that young children with no knowledge of English would regard any programming language just as a set of keywords, and if those keywords happened to be English, the children would learn a bit of English as a by-product of computer programming.

Category 5 includes languages like Perl, in which Perl code can change the parser itself, and thus allow writing of programs in different languages. Damian Conway's Perl module Lingua::Romana::Perligata demonstrates how a Perl module can allow programs to be written in Latin and interpreted and executed by the Perl interpreter.

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Programming languages based on non-English natural languages

These languages generally fall into categories 1 and 2.

Aheui – An esoteric programming language similar to Befunge but using Hangul (Korean)
ARLOGO – The first open-source Arabic programming language, based on the UCBLogo interpreter
BangaBhasha – A set of Bangla based programming languages. Provides equivalents C, [[C++]], lex, yacc, assembly, BASIC, logo, Ada and many other languaes in Bangla
Chinese BASIC – Chinese-localized BASIC dialects based on Applesoft BASIC; for Taiwanese Apple II clones and the Multitech Microprofessor II
Fjölnir – An Icelandic imperative programming language of the 1980s
FOCAL – Keywords were originally English, but DEC produced versions of FOCAL in several European languages
Hindawi – A set of Indian language based programming languages. Provides equivalents C, [[C++]], lex, yacc, assembly, BASIC, logo, Ada and many other languaes in Indic languages such as Hindi, Gujrati, Assomiya etc.
hForth – A Forth system with an optional Korean keyword set
HPL – Hebrew Programming Language
Lexico – A Spanish OO language for teaching .NET programming
LSE – Langage Symbolique d'Enseignement, a French, pedagogical, programming language designed in the 1970s at the École Supérieur d'Électricité. A kind of BASIC, but with procedures, functions, local variables, like in Pascal.
Rapira – A Pascal variant using Russian keywords
SAKO – A language created in the 1950s and nicknamed the "Polish FORTRAN"
Superlogo – A Dutch creation for computer-aided instruction, based on Logo

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Programming languages not based on any natural language

These languages fall into category 3. Many of them are esoteric programming languages.

APL – A language based on mathematical notation and abstractions
brainfuck – A minimalist esoteric programming language, created for the purpose of having a compiler fit in fewer than 256 bytes
FALSE – Another minimalist esoteric programming language with syntax consisting mainly of single non-alphanumeric characters.
Ook! – A language based on the Orangutan language from Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels.
PILOT – A computer-aided instruction language, somewhat similar to Logo
Plankalkül – An early language developed by German computer pioneer Konrad Zuse; using a symbolic tabular notation
Wierd – An esoteric language encoding semantics in angles and distances
var'aq – A language based on the constructed Klingon language of Star Trek

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Fictional programming languages

Languages in category 4.

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Programming languages with self-modifiable parser's syntax

Languages in category 5.

ChinesePython – A complete translation of the Python scripting language into Chinese
HyperTalk – The programming language used in Apple's HyperCard; allows translation via custom resources
Perl

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