Novi Sad

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Template:Serbian cities 2 Novi Sad (Serbian: Нови Сад or Novi Sad; Slovak: Nový Sad; Hungarian: Újvidék; Croatian: Novi Sad; Romanian: Novi Sad; Rusin: Нови Сад; German: Neusatz (an der Donau); Latin: Neoplanta) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro; it lies in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina and is located at 45.25° N, 19.85° E, on the banks of the Danube river. It is the capital city of the Vojvodina province and a large industrial and cultural centre. Its name means "New Planting" (noun) in Serbian.

Novi Sad City is divided into two municipalities: Novi Sad and Petrovaradin. Between 1980 and 1989, the city was divided into seven municipalities: Stari Grad, Podunavlje, Liman, Slavija, Petrovaradin, Detelinara, and Sremski Karlovci.

The city's population was 215,659 in 2002 and 298,139 with the surrounding inhabited places of the municipalities included. An unofficial estimate of the current city population is approximately 240,000-250,000.

The urban area of Novi Sad comprises Novi Sad proper and the towns of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica. The metropolitan area of Novi Sad also comprises Futog, Veternik, Bukovac and Ledinci. There are also several other settlements in the municipalities, but these settlements are not connected to the city.

Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia and Montenegro (after Belgrade) and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District of Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the population of the municipal area of Novi Sad (including both municipalities) is composed of: Serbs (75.50%), Hungarians (5.24%), Yugoslavs (3.17%), Slovaks (2.41%), Croats (2.09%), Montenegrins (1.68%), and others. Most of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Kisač have an ethnic Slovak majority. The population of Novi Sad city (excluding municipal area) is composed of: Serbs (73.91%), Hungarians (6.03%), Yugoslavs (3.69%), Montenegrins (2.23%), Croats (1.84%), and others.

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History

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Early History of Petrovaradin

Image:Citadel Petrovaradin.jpg Human settlement in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the Stone Age (about 4500 BC). This settlement was located on the right side of the river Danube in the territory of present day Petrovaradin. This region was conquered by Celts (in the 4th century BC) and Romans (in the 1st century BC).

The Celts founded the first fortress at this location, which was located on the right bank of the Danube. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century with the name Cusum and included in Roman Pannonia. In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by the invasion of the Huns.

By the end of the 5th century, Byzantines had reconstructed the city and called it by the names Cusum and Petrikon. The city in time became conquered by the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Avars, Franks, Bulgarians, and again by the Byzantines.

The city was conquered by the Kingdom of Hungary (in the 12th century); by the Ottoman Empire (in 1526), and by the Habsburg Monarchy (in 1687). The city was first mentioned under the name Petrovaradin (Pétervárad) in documents from 1237. Petrovaradin was known under the name Pétervárad under Hungarian rule, Varadin under Ottoman rule, and Peterwardein under Habsburg rule.

During the Ottoman rule, Petrovaradin had 200 houses, and three mosques. There was also a Christian quarter with 35 houses populated with ethnic Serbs.

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The foundation of Novi Sad

Image:Ratzen Stadt01.jpg At the outset of the Habsburg rule, people of Orthodox faith were forbidden from residing in Petrovaradin, thus Serbs were largely unable to build homes in the city. Because of this, a new settlement was founded in 1694 on the left bank of the Danube. The initial name of this settlement was Serb City (Ratzen Stadt). According to 1720 data, the population of the city was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the name Novi Sad in 1748 when it became a "free royal city". In 1780, Novi Sad had about 2,000 houses, of which 1,144 were Serbian.

For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad was the largest city populated with ethnic Serbs (The reformer of the Serbian language, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad is the "largest Serb municipality in the world"). It was a cultural and political centre of Serbs, who did not have their own national state at the time. Because of its cultural and political influence, Novi Sad became known as the Serb Athens (Srpska Atina in Serbian). In 1820 Novi Sad had 20,000 inhabitants, of whom about 2/3 were Serbs. According to the 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were Orthodox Christians, 5,724 Catholics, 1,032 Protestants, 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the Armenian church. The largest ethnic group in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were Germans.

During the Revolution of 1848-1849, Novi Sad was part of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian autonomous region within Habsburg Empire. In 1849 the Hungarian army located on the Petrovaradin Fortress bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population (According to 1850 census there were only 7,182 citizens in the city compared with about 20,000 in 1820).

Between 1849 and 1860, the city was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into newly formed Bačka-Bodrog County. After 1867, Novi Sad was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, also known as Transleithania.

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After the First World War

Image:Novi Sad 1920.jpg On November 3, 1918, the Serb National Board and the Serb Safeguard were organized in the city. On November 6, the Serb National Board invited the Danube division of the Serbian army, which already entered Srem, to send its troops to Bačka as soon as possible. On November 8, the last Austro-Hungarian soldiers evacuated from the city, and the entire city was under control of the Serb National Board and the Serb Safeguard.

Serbian troops entered the city on November 9, 1918, and on November 25, 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other nations of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of Vojvodina region with the Kingdom of Serbia (The assembly numbered 757 deputies, of which 578 were Serbs, 84 Bunjevci, 62 Slovaks, 21 Rusyns, 6 Germans, 3 Šokci, 2 Croats, and 1 Hungarian). Since December 1, 1918, Novi Sad is part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.

According to the 1921 census, the city had 39,122 inhabitants, of which 16,071 were Serbs, 13,065 Hungarians, 6,486 Germans, 2,663 Jews, 1,294 Slovaks, 672 Russians, 613 Slovenians. In 1929, Novi Sad became the capital of the Danube Banovina, a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

In 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the Axis Powers, and its northern parts, including Novi Sad, were annexed by Hungary. During World War II, about 5,000 citizens were murdered and many others were resettled (in a 1942 raid alone, Hungarian police killed 1,246 citizens, among them more than 800 Jews, and threw their corpses into the icy waters of Danube). During the war, the resistance movement was active in the city. Citizens of all nationalities - Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks and others fought together against the Axis authorities.

The partisan forces from Srem and Bačka entered the city on October 23, 1944, and Novi Sad became part of the new socialist Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of Vojvodina, a province of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

After 1992, Novi Sad is part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which, in 2003, was transformed into the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Devastated by Nato bombardment during the Kosovo War of 1999, Novi Sad was left without all of its three Danube bridges, communications, water, and electricity. Residental areas were cluster bombed several times while its oil refinery was bombarded daily, causing severe pollution and widespread ecological damage.

Since 2000 Novi Sad has been the host of the EXIT summer music festival. The festival is held every year and usually takes place over four nights. Between the 16th and 20th of September 2005, Novi Sad co-hosted the 2005 European Basketball Championship.

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Inhabited places and population

Image:Novi Sad.png

Municipality of Novi Sad includes: Novi Sad proper, Futog, Veternik, Begeč, Budisava, Kać, Kovilj, Kisač, Rumenka, Stepanovićevo, and Čenej.

Municipality of Petrovaradin includes: Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Bukovac, Ledinci, and Stari Ledinci.

Note: Before 1989, the town and municipality of Sremski Karlovci were also part of Novi Sad City. Today, this municipality is not part of Novi Sad City, but a separate administrative unit.

The settlements with recognized town/city status are: Novi Sad, Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica and Futog.

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Quarters of Novi Sad

Image:Novi sad quarters.png Image:Liman002.jpg Image:Grbavica02.jpg Image:Novo naselje11.jpg Image:Detelinara01.jpg Image:Telep03.jpg

Suburban settlements:

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Famous citizens

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Famous buildings

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Churches

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Important institutions

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Manifestations

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Schools

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Newspapers and magazines

Newspapers and magazines published in Novi Sad:

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Sport

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Bridges

Image:Most slobode.jpg Image:Most01.jpg Image:Most02.jpg Danube bridges:

Danube-Tisa-Danube Channel bridges:

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Famous destinations

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Twin cities

Novi Sad is twinned with the following cities:

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External links

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Images

View of central square in Novi Sad in winter

Liman

Podbara

Sajmište

Telep, Orthodox church

Spens Sports Center

Lake of Ledinci

EXIT festival

ast:Novi Sad

bg:Нови Сад bs:Novi Sad da:Novi Sad de:Novi Sad es:Novi Sad eo:Novi Sad fr:Novi Sad hr:Novi Sad it:Novi Sad lt:Novi Sadas hu:Újvidék nl:Novi Sad pl:Nowy Sad ro:Novi Sad ru:Нови Сад sh:Novi Sad sr:Нови Сад sv:Novi Sad zh:诺威萨

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