Pope Benedict IX
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Benedict IX, né Theophylactus (Rome, c. 1012 – 1055, 1065, or 1085) was Pope from 1032 to 1044, again in 1045, and finally from 1047 to 1048, the only man to have served as Pope for three discontinuous periods. He was also one of the youngest Popes. The son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum, Benedict IX was the nephew of Pope Benedict VIII (1012–24) and Pope John XIX (1024–32). His father obtained the Papal chair for him, granting it to his son in October 1032.
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia [1] and other sources, Benedict IX was around 18 to 20 years old when made pontiff, although some sources claim 11 or 12. Entirely unsuited to be pontiff, he reportedly led an extremely dissolute life, although in terms of theology and the ordinary activities of the Church he was entirely orthodox. St. Peter Damian described him as "feasting on immorality" and "a demon from hell in the disguise of a priest" in the Liber Gomorrhianus, a treatise on papal corruption and sex that accused Benedict IX of routine homosexuality and beastiality. He was briefly forced out of Rome in 1036 and needed the support of Emperor Conrad II (1024–39) to return. In September 1044 he was forced from the city again and replaced by Pope Silvester III (1045), sometimes considered an antipope. Benedict IX's forces returned in April 1045 and expelled his rival. Benedict IX then resigned in May 1045, possibly to marry, selling his office to priest John Gratian, his godfather (possibly for over 650 kg /1450 lb of gold). Gratian became Pope Gregory VI (1045–46) in May, 1045. Benedict IX apparently soon regretted the sale and returned to try to depose Gregory VI. Silvester III also re-emerged to make his claim.
Benedict IX retook Rome and remained on the throne until July 1046, although Gregory VI was still regarded as the official Pope. Emperor Henry III (1039–56) intervened, and at the Council of Sutri in December 1046 Benedict IX and Silvester III were deprived of their offices and Gregory VI was encouraged to resign. Benedict IX did not actually attend. The German Bishop Suidger was crowned Pope Clement II (1046–47), which Benedict IX rejected. When Clement II died in October 1047 he seized the Lateran Palace in November 1047, but was driven away in July 1048, when Poppo of Brixen finally succeeded Clement II as Pope Damasus II (1048). Benedict IX refused to appear on charges of simony in 1049 and was excommunicated.
Benedict IX's eventual fate is obscure. He may have given up and resigned the pontificate, dying around 1065 in the Abbey of Grottaferrata. Other sources say he died in 1085. Pope Leo IX (1049–54) may have lifted the ban on him. Another report is that he continued to seek support for a return but died in January 1055 or 1056.
See also
Template:Start box Template:Succession box Template:Succession box Template:Succession box Template:End boxde:Benedikt IX. (Papst) es:Benedicto IX fr:Benoît IX ko:교황 베네딕토 9세 it:Papa Benedetto IX jv:Paus Benediktus IX hu:IX. Benedek pápa nl:Paus Benedictus IX pl:Benedykt IX pt:Papa Bento IX ru:Бенедикт IX (Папа Римский) fi:Benedictus IX sv:Benedictus IX zh:本篤九世