Renfield
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- This article is about the character in Bram Stoker's Dracula. For the card game, please see Renfield (card game).
Image:Renfield2.jpg R. M. Renfield is a fictional character in the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.
He is an inmate at the lunatic asylum overseen by Dr Seward. Aged fifty-nine, he suffers from a delusional belief system that leads him to eat living creatures in the hope of obtaining their life-force for himself. Being confined to the asylum, and aware of the foolishness of taking on a full-sized hospital orderly, he starts by consuming flies, then develops a scheme of feeding the flies to spiders, and the spiders to birds, in order to accumulate more and more life. When denied a cat to accommodate the birds, he eats the birds himself.
During the course of the novel, he falls under the influence of Count Dracula, and aids the Count in gaining entrance to the asylum after Seward and his fellow vampire-hunters make it their base of operations.
When confronted by Mina Harker, the object of Dracula's obsession, however, Renfield suffers an attack of conscience and begs her to flee from his master's grasp. Enraged by this treachery, Dracula infiltrates Renfield's cell (in the form of fog) and breaks his neck.
Film adaptations of the novel, if they include Renfield, have a tendency to expand his role, making him a more active and long-standing servant of the vampire Count and often depicting his zoophagous mania as a result of falling under Dracula's influence, rather than as a pre-existing condition that made him vulnerable to it. Tod Browning's 1931 film starring Bela Lugosi (with Dwight Frye as Renfield), for example, conflates the character with that of Jonathan Harker, making Renfield the real estate agent who is sent to Transylvania.
Francis Ford Coppola's 1992 film Bram Stoker's Dracula expressly states that Renfield (performed by Tom Waits) was Harker's predecessor as Count Dracula's agent in London; it is thus implied that this is the reason for his present madness.