Rutan VariEze
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The Rutan Model 31 VariEze is a composite, canard aircraft designed by Burt Rutan. It is a fairly high-performance homebuilt, hundreds of which have been constructed. The design later evolved into the Long-EZ and other, larger cabin canard aircraft. The Varieze is notable for popularizing the canard configuration and moldless composite construction for homebuilt aircraft.
The first prototype, N7EZ, first flew on May 21, 1975 and was shown at Oshkosh later that year, where Dick Rutan piloted it to an under 500 kg class distance record of 1638 miles. This aircraft used a Volkswagen engine conversion. A second kit prototype, N4EZ, with a larger wing, O-200 engine and many other detail changes, was shown at Oshkosh in 1976, and plans were offered in July 1976. Approximately 2000 aircraft were under construction by 1980, with about 300 flying by late 1980. Ultimately, more VariEzes and LongEzes were constructed than any other homebuilt type of the time. Plans sales ceased in 1985.
Rutan's stated goals for the design included reduced susceptibility to departure/spin and efficient long range cruise; these goals were achieved. The use of a canard configuration allowed a stall resistant design, at the price of somewhat increased takeoff and landing speeds and distances relative to a similar conventional design with effective flaps.
The prototypes flew originally with elevons on the canard for both pitch and roll control, but the design was changed to pitch control with the canard elevators and roll control with mid span wing ailerons after a few aircraft were built.
While resistant to pitch departures, a few builders discovered a potential for a novel lateral departure mode resulting from one winglet stalling at large sideslip angles. An outer wing leading edge droop (or vortilons on some examples) was added to alleviate this problem, and rudder travel was reduced.
The design's stall resistance did not appear to translate to a lower accident rate than other homebuilts; a review of the NTSB database from 1976 to 2005 shows 130 total accidents and 46 fatal accidents out of a fleet of about 800 (691 registered in 2005).
History from: the Canard Pusher newsletter. Also see "Flying the VariEze", Air Progress, April 1978.
Fuel capacity: 25 U.S. gal (95 L).
Typical empty weight: 700 lb (320 kg).
Cruise speed: 160 kt (181 mph, 291 km/h) at 5.1 U.S. gal/h (19.3 L/h).
Range (at cruise speed): 575 nautical miles (650 statute miles, 1065 km).
Max. Speed (level flight): 185 kt (210 mph, 340 km/h).
See also
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