SCORM
From Free net encyclopedia
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based e-learning. It defines communications between client side content and a host system called the run-time environment (commonly a function of a learning management system). SCORM also defines how content may be packaged into a transferrable ZIP file.
SCORM is a specification of the Advanced Distributed Learning Initative, which comes out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
SCORM 2004 introduces a complex idea called sequencing, which are rules that specify the order that a learner may experience content objects. The standard uses XML, and it is based on the results of work done by AICC, IMS, IEEE, and Ariadne.
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Conformance
A testing initiative was started in 2003. Avilar's WebMentor LMS was the first to receive SCORM certification on February 12, 2003. In December 2004, the US Department of Defense mandated that all its e-learning purchases must conform to SCORM standards. By August 2005, ADL had validated 178 SCORM-conformant products.
SCORM versions
SCORM 1.0
The original version. Proof of concept only. Introduced the notion of Sharable Content Object (SCO) and the API model in which the burden of managing communication latency across the Internet is handled by the runtime environment, not by the content objects.
SCORM 1.1
The first production version. Used an Course Structure Format XML file based on the AICC specifications to describe content structure, but lacked a robust packaging manifest and support for metadata. Quickly abandoned in favor of SCORM 1.2.
SCORM 1.2
The first version with a real conformance test in the form of a test suite. Uses IMS Content Packaging specification with full content manifest and support for metadata describing the course. Also allows optional detailed metadata tagging of the content objects and assets described in the manifest. Usually works well; both the delivery system and content pass the test suite without cheating, but lacks sequencing and some other desirable features. No longer maintained or supported by ADL.
SCORM 2004
The current version. Based on new IEEE standards for API and content object-to-runtime environment communication, with many ambiguities of previous versions resolved. Includes ability to specify adaptive sequencing of activities that use the content objects. Includes ability to share and use information about success status for multiple learning objectives or competencies across content objects and across courses for the same learner within the same learning management system. A more robust test suite helps ensure good interoperability.
See also
External links
- Official ADL web site. Current SCORM specs, user forums, etc.
- CONFORM 2 SCORM Directory & Resource Portal
- SCORM primers, practical tips for content developers
- SCORM 2004 Player and Sequencing Engine
- ADL SCORM overview
- a-LMS™
- AVATAL Learn Station
- SCORM Software
- SCORM Player
- SCORM course player
- Contento LMS - SCORM compliantTemplate:Standard-stub