September 14
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September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). There are 108 days remaining.
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Events
- 786 - Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi.
- 1752 - The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
- 1812 - French grenadiers enter Moscow.
- 1814 - Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner.
- 1829 - Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia.
- 1847 - Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
- 1886 - Typewriter ribbon patented.
- 1901 - President of the United States William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt.
- 1917 - Republican government declared in Russia.
- 1923 - Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
- 1944 - United States Marines land on the island of Peleliu.
- 1948 - Groundbreaking for the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
- 1958 - Two rockets designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, the first German post-war rockets, reach the upper atmosphere.
- 1959 - The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.
- 1960 - The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
- 1964 - The opening of the third period of the Second Vatican Council.
- 1965 - The opening of the fourth and final period of Second Vatican Council.
- 1969 - On December 1, 1969 September 14th is drawn as the first birthdate in the U.S. draft during the Vietnam War.
- 1975 - The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.
- 1984 - Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a hot air balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
- 1998 - Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.
- 1999 - Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.
- 2001 - Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. While the rest of the world sees the service at the National Cathedral, Canada sees the similar service on Parliament Hill, the largest single vigil ever in the nation's capital.
- 2003 - In a referendum Sweden rejects adopting the euro.
- 2003 - Estonia approves joining the European Union in a referendum.
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Births
- 1388 - Claudius Claussön Swart, Danish geographer
- 1486 - Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist (d. 1535)
- 1543 - Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1615)
- 1547 - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619)
- 1656 - Thomas Baker, British antiqurian (d. 1746)
- 1721 - Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge (d. 1807)
- 1737 - Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
- 1760 - Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (d. 1842)
- 1769 - Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
- 1804 - John Gould, British ornithologist (d. 1881)
- 1804 - Louis Maigret, French Catholic prelate (d. 1882)
- 1837 - Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
- 1849 - Ivan Pavlov, Russian scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
- 1864 - Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British politician and diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1958)
- 1867 - Charles Dana Gibson, American artist (d. 1944)
- 1879 - Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate (d. 1966)
- 1880 - Archie Hahn, American athlete (d. 1955)
- 1886 - Jan Masaryk, Czech foreign minister and diplomat (d. 1948)
- 1898 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (d. 1986)
- 1909 - Peter Scott, British naturalist, artist, and explorer (d. 1989)
- 1910 - Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973)
- 1913 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
- 1914 - Lída Baarová, Czech actress (d. 2000)
- 1914 - Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
- 1920 - Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer
- 1920 - Lawrence Klein, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1926 - Michel Butor, French novelist
- 1933 - Harve Presnell, American actor
- 1934 - Kate Millett, American feminist writer
- 1936 - Walter Koenig, American actor
- 1936 - Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1936 - Harry Danielsen, Norwegian politician
- 1938 - Nicol Williamson, Scottish-born actor
- 1940 - Larry Brown, American basketball coach
- 1941 - Alberto Naranjo, Venezuelan musician
- 1942 - Bernard MacLaverty, Northern Irish writer
- 1947 - Sam Neill, New Zealand actor
- 1949 - Tommy Seebach, Danish musician (d. 2003)
- 1949 - Eikichi Yazawa, Japanese singer
- 1950 - Paul Kossoff, British guitarist (Free) (d. 1976)
- 1950 - Masami Kuwashima, Japanese Formula One driver
- 1959 - Morten Harket, Norwegian singer (a-ha)
- 1968 - Michelle Stafford, American actress
- 1969 - Jesse G. James, American motorcycle builder and TV host
- 1970 - Craig Montoya, American musician (Everclear)
- 1971 - Kimberly Williams, American actress
- 1973 - Nas, American rapper
- 1974 - Hicham El Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete
- 1978 - Carmen Kass, Estonian model
- 1981 - Miyavi, Japanese singer
- 1985 - Aya Ueto, Japanese actress idol and singer
- 1986 - Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
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Deaths
- 258 - Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage
- 585 - Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (b. 538)
- 775 - Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
- 786 - Al-Hadi, Abbasid caliph
- 891 - Pope Stephen V
- 1146 - Zengi, ruler of Syria (b. 1087)
- 1164 - Emperor Sutoku of Japan (b. 1119)
- 1214 - Albert Avogadro, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (b. 1149)
- 1321 - Dante Alighieri, Italian author (b. 1265)
- 1404 - Duke Albert IV of Austria (b. 1377)
- 1435 - John, Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389)
- 1523 - Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
- 1605 - Jan Tarnowski, Archbishop of Krakow (b. 1550)
- 1638 - John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
- 1646 - Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)
- 1712 - Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-born astronomer (b. 1625)
- 1743 - Nicolas Lancret, French painter (b. 1690)
- 1749 - Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (b. 1675)
- 1759 - Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (b. 1712)
- 1807 - George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, British field marshal (b. 1724)
- 1836 - Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
- 1851 - James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
- 1852 - Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812)
- 1852 - Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1769)
- 1879 - Bernhard von Cotta, German geologist (b. 1808)
- 1886 - Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard, American land speculator (b. 1802)
- 1898 - William Seward Burroughs, American inventor (b. 1857)
- 1901 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (assassinated) (b. 1843)
- 1910 - Huo Yuan Jia, Chinese martial artist, founder of the martial arts school Jing Wu Men in Shanghai
- 1927 - Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
- 1936 - Irving Thalberg, American film producer (b. 1899)
- 1937 - Tomáš Masaryk, first President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850)
- 1942 - Ezra Seymour Gosney, American philanthropist and eugenicist (b. 1855)
- 1965 - J.W. Hearne English cricketer (b. 1891)
- 1966 - Gertrude Berg, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1974 - Warren Hull, American actor (b. 1903)
- 1982 - Bachir Gemayel, President-elect of Lebanon (b. 1947)
- 1982 - John Gardner, American novelist (motorcycle accident) (b. 1933)
- 1982 - Princess Grace of Monaco, American actress (automobile accident) (b. 1929)
- 1982 - Christian Ferras, French violinist (b. 1933)
- 1984 - Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1906)
- 1989 - Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (b. 1916)
- 1996 - Juliet Prowse, British actress and dancer (b. 1937)
- 2000 - Beah Richards, American actress (b. 1920)
- 2003 - Yetunde Price, sister of American tennis players Venus and Serena Williams (murdered) (b. 1972)
- 2005 - William Berenberg, American physician (b. 1915)
- 2005 - Robert Wise, American filmmaker (b. 1914)
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Holidays and observances
- In ancient Greece, the first day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, during which the sacred objects were brought from Eleusis to Athens.
- Roman Catholic Church - Triumph of the Cross (compare May 3, Finding of the Holy Cross).
- Eastern Orthodox Church - Exaltation of the Cross, which commemorates the discovery of the (allegedly) original Christian cross in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine, as well as the recovery from the Persians by Heraclius in 628.
- Formerly, in the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following 14 September were observed as one of the four sets of Ember days. In the Irish calendar they were known as Quarter tense.
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External links
September 13 - September 15 - August 14 - October 14 – more historical anniversaries
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