Socionics

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Socionics (a portmanteau word from society and bionics) is a branch of psychology that is based on Carl Jung's work on Psychological Types, Freud's theory of the conscious and subconscious, and Antoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism. It was founded mainly by the Lithuanian researcher Aušra Augustinavičiūtė in the 1970s and is evolving rapidly.

Socionics is based upon the idea that a person's character acts like a set of blocks called "psychological functions". Different ways of combining and chaining these functions result in different ways of accepting and producing information, which in turn results in different behavior patterns and thus different character types. Socionics also includes an intertype relations theory, based on the interaction of these functions between personalities.

The institute of Socionics - International Institute of Socionics (IIS) - was founded in 1991 in Kiev, Ukraine. The director is Dr. Alexander Boukalov.

1 Jung's psychological types
2 Combined Functions, Or: How to Create a Type
3 Socionical functions
4 Model A
5 Intertype Relationships
6 Quadras
7 References
8 External links

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Jung's psychological types

Carl Jung describes four basic psychological functions that are capable of becoming conscious:

Sensation - all perceptions by means of the sense organs
Intuition - perception by way of the unconscious, or perception of unconscious events
Thinking (Logic) - interpretation of information based on whether it is correct or incorrect
Feeling (Ethics) - interpretation of information based on its ethical aspects

Sensation and intuition referred to as either perceiving or "irrational" functions. They are thus named because unlike the "rational" (also called "judging") functions, thinking and feeling, they tend to the experience of reality rather than the interpretation of it.

One function dominate consciousness and its opposite characterize unconsciousness. Generally there is auxiliary (i.e. secondary) function from other pair of functions.

It is common to refer to both dominant and auxiliary function, for example Intuitive-Thinking or Sensation-Feeling.

Attitude of consciousness is basic direction of conscious interests and energies flow. Two possible directions of flow are introversion (inward to subjective, psychological experience) or extroversion (outward to the environment of objects, other people and collective norms). Opposite attitude characterize unconsciousness.

So dominate function of consciousness can be introverted or extroverted. That gives as a result 8 different major psychological types. Mixed types includes also auxiliary function.

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Combined Functions, Or: How to Create a Type

When the strongest sensing/intuition function and the strongest thinking/feeling functions are known, the psychological type can be established. For instance, if your two main functions are introverted sensing and extroverted thinking (In that order!), your type is SiTe, also known as SLI (Sensory-Logical Intratim). You are an Introvert who prefers Sensing and Thinking, with Sensing over Thinking. Because Sensing and Intuition are information-gathering functions, Perceiving functions, you, who prefer one of them over the decision-making, or Judging, Feeling and Thinking functions, is also a Perceiver. Your main function is Introverted, because Introverts keep their preferred function "inside": The inside world counts for more than the outside, and, hence, that is where you send your most trusted function. For an Extrovert, this is the other way around. In the more widespread MBTI system, this corresponds to the type ISTP, although not completely: A socionics ENTp could well be an MBTI ENTJ and vice versa, although this controversy is more regular in introverted types.

This gives a total of sixteen types:

functions	description	name	person	type
Si Te Ni Fe Ne Fi Se Ti	SLI (Sensory-Logical Intratim)	Craftsman	Jean Gabin	ISTp
Se Ti Ne Fi Ni Fe Si Ti	SLE (Sensory-Logical Extratim)	Legionnaire	Zhukov	ESTp
Si Fe Ni Te Ne Ti Se Fi	SEI (Sensory-Ethical Intratim)	Mediator	Dumas	ISFp
Se Fi Ne Ti Ni Te Si Fe	SEE (Sensory-Ethical Extratim)	Politician	Caesar	ESFp
Ti Se Fi Ne Fe Ni Te Si	LSI (Logical-Sensory Intratim)	Inspector	Maxim Gorki	ISTj
Te Si Fe Ni Fi Ne Ti Se	LSE (Logical-Sensory Extratim)	Director	Sherlock Holmes	ESTj
Fi Se Ti Ne Te Ni Fe Si	ESI (Ethical-Sensory Intratim)	Conservator	Theodore Dreiser	ISFj
Fe Si Te Ni Ti Ne Fi Se	ESE (Ethical-Sensory Extratim)	Bonvivant	Victor Hugo	ESFj
Ni Te Si Fe Se Fi Ne Ti	ILI (Intuitive-Logical Intratim)	Critics	Balzac	INTp
Ne Ti Se Fi Si Fe Ni Te	ILE (Intuitive-Logical Extratim)	Seeker	Don Quijote	ENTp
Ni Fe Si Te Se Ti Ne Fi	IEI (Intuitive-Ethical Intratim)	Lyricist	Bradbury	INFp
Ne Fi Se Ti Si Te Ni Fe	IEE (Intuitive-Ethical Extratim)	Psychologist	Tom Sawyer	ENFp
Ti Ne Fi Se Fe Si Te Ni	LII (Logical-Intuitive Intratim)	Analyst	Descartes	INTj
Te Ni Fe Si Fi Se Ti Ne	LIE (Logical-Intuitive Extratim)	Entrepreneur	Jack London	ENTj
Fi Ne Ti Se Te Si Fe Ni	EII (Ethical-Intuitive Intratim)	Humanist	Dostoyevsky	INFj
Fe Ni Te Si Ti Se Fi Ne	EIE (Ethical-Intuitive Extratim)	Mentor	Hamlet	ENFj

(Please note that in socionics, the perceiving/judging preference in the MBTI-style system is left lower case.)

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Socionical functions

Socionical functions represent abilities of the person to perceive and process the information on various information aspects. In total exists 8 socionical functions, each function cooperates with the certain aspect of a reality, perceives, processes and gives out the information on this aspect. Socionical functions

Image:Socionics profiteor.gif P (lat. - profiteor) - "the logic of actions " - is responsible for efficiency of actions, understanding of technological processes, the organization of work.
Image:Socionics logos.gif L (lat. - logos) - "the structural logic " - is responsible for understanding of logic communications and structures, classification, ordering, the analysis, logic explanations and proofs.
Image:Socionics emoveo.gif E (lat. - emoveo) - "the ethics of emotions " - are responsible for perception of an emotional condition of the person, expression of emotions, management of an emotional condition of people.
Image:Socionics relatio.gif R (lat. - relatio) " the ethics of attitudes " - are responsible for understanding of mutual relations between people, skill to build attitudes, a moral and moral estimation, aspiration to humanism.
Image:Socionics intueor.gif I (lat. - intueor) - " the intuition of opportunities " - is responsible for understanding of essence of the phenomena and processes, an estimation of potential opportunities of people and the phenomena, vision of variants of succession of events.
Image:Socionics tempus.gif T (lat. - tempus) - " the intuition of time " - is responsible for an estimation of time, timeliness of actions, understanding of a course of processes in time, forecasting.
Image:Socionics factor.gif F (lat. - factor) - " the power sensing" - is responsible for perception of space, appearance and the form of subjects, an estimation of an alignment of forces, strong-willed and power methods of achievement of the purpose.
Image:Socionics sensus.gif S (lat. - sensus) - "the sensing of sensations " - is responsible for perception of physical sensations, questions of comfort and a cosiness, pleasure.

The Logic of actions, structural logic, ethics of emotions and ethics of attitudes are considered as rational functions.

The Intuition of opportunities, intuition of time, power sensing and sensing of sensations are considered as irrational functions..

The Logic of actions, ethics of emotions, intuition of opportunities and power sensing are considered as extratim functions.

The Structural logic, ethics of attitudes, intuition of opportunities and sensing of sensations are considered introtim functions.

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Model A

Aušra Augustinavičiūtė has developed the evident scheme of an arrangement socionical functions which subsequently has received the name " Model A ". It is hierarchical model which shows an arrangement of all functions in mentality of the person.

**Model А**
1	2
4	3
6	5
7	8

function 1 - "program". It defines meaning of the life and the program of actions of the carrier of type.
function 2 - "creative". It defines the mechanism of activity and a way of realization of program function.
function 3 - "role". On this function the person usually tries to prove to be competent, but to resolve complex situations and long to work on it to the person difficultly.
function 4 - "painful". A place of the least resistance. On painful function the person painfully perceives the information and requires the tactful help.
function 5 - "inspired". On this function the person perceives the information noncritically and with gratitude, requires the help and advice.
function 6 - "activation", On this function the person is guided by the nearest environment, positively reacts to influence.
function 7 - "observant". On this function the person well perceives and processes the information, but tries to limit the activity. Restrictive arguments on this function are quite often used.
function 8 - "demonstrative". It is usually shown without words in practice, organically and naturally, without superfluous explanations.

1 and 2 functions form block " Ego ", 3 and 4 functions form block " Super-Ego ", 5 and 6 functions form block " Super-Id ", 7 and 8 functions form block " Id ".

1, 2, 7, 8 are strong functions. Functions 3, 4, 5, 6 are weak.

1, 2, 3, 4 functions form a mental ring. 5, 6, 7, 8 functions form a vital ring.

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The Arrangement socionical functions in model A

To Everyone socionical to type there corresponds the arrangement socionical functions in model Functions of model And are located not any way, and according to the certain rules.

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16 socionical types on model A

Template:Socionics table

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The Description on model A

The Example of the description of socionical type on model A (the intuitively-logic extrovert (ILE), ENTP, IL, «Seeker», «Inventor», «Don Quixote»):

Image:Socionics intueor.gif " Intuition of opportunities " - base function. It sees potential abilities of systems and people, sees opportunities of a situation and variants of succession of events, well understands an essence of the phenomena and processes, loves all interesting and unusual.
Image:Socionics logos.gif " Structural logic " - creative function. It well understands logic schemes, can be engaged with success jurisprudence, languages, programming, easily proves that in what itself trusts, aspires to explain, classify all.
Image:Socionics factor.gif " Strong-willed sensing " - role function. It tries to prove to be as the strong-willed person and the strong personality, however to do constant efforts above itself (himself) and to work in conditions of a rigid competition to it difficultly.
Image:Socionics relatio.gif " Ethics of attitudes " - painful function. It badly understands attitudes between people, is sometimes inclined to show tactlessness, to offend casually.
Image:Socionics sensus.gif " sensing of sensations " - inspired function. It badly understands questions of comfort, a cosiness, health, a feed, requires comfort, but itself provide it cannot, requires that that of it cared.
Image:Socionics emoveo.gif " Ethics of emotions " - activation function. It well perceives jokes and humour, loves the emotional people capable "to light" a collective and to create an atmosphere of a holiday.
Image:Socionics tempus.gif " Intuition of time " - observant function. It traces a stock of time and tries to be in time everywhere though quite often all does at the last minute, can be late, restrictive arguments - "not now", " there is no time ".
Image:Socionics profiteor.gif " Logic of actions " - demonstrative function. It can understand without superfluous words work of any mechanism, the quite good organizer, can develop high working capacity, however is constant be engaged in one only work to it is uninteresting.

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Intertype Relationships

Intertype Relationships is - attitudes between representatives of socionical types, caused by an arrangement socionical functions in model А Between people with socionical types various types of mutual relations as carriers of different types differently perceive will be various also and process the information. There Are 14 kinds of Intertype Relationships ttitudes between representatives 16 socionical types:

Identity
Duality
Mirror
Activity (Activation)
Comparative (Kindred)
Semi-duality (Partial Duality)
Look-a-like (Business)
Illusionary (Mirage)
Benefit (Request, Order)
Supervision (Control)
Contrary (Extinguishment)
Super-ego
Quasi-identity
Conflicting (Conflict)

The Table of Intertype Relationships, made by V.Ljachkjavichjus (pupil of A.Augustinavichjute) - http://www.socioniko.net/en/1.3.rels/index-rels.html

All kinds Intertype Relationships, except for the transmission and supervision, are symmetric, attitudes of the social order and audit are asymmetric.

Dual attitudes are considered optimum because program (base) function submits the information on inspired function of dual, creative - on activation function, and demonstrative (background) covers painful function of dual.

More on Intertype Relations: http://www.socionics.com/rel/rel.htm

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Quadras

A Quadra is a group of four sociotypes in which mirror, activity, and dual relations are experienced by each member of the group. The unique feature of the quadra is that it offers the greatest degree of psychological comfort among all groups containing four types in which functional interaction is symmetrical. The feeling of comfort and harmony produced by the quadra is due to the fact that all types in the quadra are alike in that they seek the expression of the four information elements in their ego and super-id blocks and the repression of the information elements in their super-ego and id blocks.

The Quadras:
Alpha The Seeker (ENTp) The Mediator (ISFp) The Bonvivant (ESFj) The Analyst (INTj) </br>	Beta The Legionnaire (ESTp) The Lyricist (INFp) The Mentor (ENFj) The Inspector (ISTj)
Delta The Psychologist (ENFp) The Craftsman (ISTp) The Administrator (ESTj) The Humanist (INFj)	Gamma The Politician (ESFp) The Critic (INTp) The Enterpriser (ENTj) The Guardian (ISFj)