Solid-state physics
From Free net encyclopedia
Solid-state physics, the largest branch of condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid matter, or solids. The bulk of solid-state physics theory and research is focused on crystals, largely because the periodicity of atoms in a crystal — its defining characteristic —facilitates mathematical modeling, and also because crystalline materials often have electrical, magnetic, optical, or mechanical properties that can be exploited for engineering purposes.
The framework of most solid-state physics theory is the Schrödinger (wave) formulation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Bloch's Theorem, which characterizes the wavefunctions of electrons in a periodic potential, is an important starting point for much analysis. Since Bloch's Theorem applies only to periodic potentials, and since unceasing random movements of atoms in a crystal disrupt periodicity, Bloch's Theorem is only an approximation, but it has proven to be a tremendously valuable approximation, without which most solid-state physics analysis would be intractable. Deviations from periodicity are treated by quantum mechanical perturbation theory.
Topics
- Amorphous solid
- Crystal structure
- Electronic structure
- bandgap
- Bloch waves (electron waves in a lattice)
- conduction band
- effective mass
- electron hole
- Fermi gas
- Fermi liquid
- exciton
- valence band
- Electronic transport
- Mechanical properties
- Debye model of specific heat
- elasticity
- Mossbauer effect
- phonons (lattice vibrations)
- Optical properties
External links and references
- Online textbook: Introduction to Modern Solid State Physics by Yuri M. Galperin.
eo:Solid-stata fiziko fr:Physique du solide ko:고체물리학 he:פיזיקת מצב מוצק nl:Vastestoffysica ja:固体物理学 pl:Fizyka ciała stałego pt:Física do estado sólido ru:Физика твёрдого тела vi:Vật lý chất rắn zh:固体物理学