Styx (mythology)

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For other uses, see Styx River (disambiguation)

The Greek Underworld
Residents:
Persephone Hades Minos Aeacus	Rhada- manthys Charon Cerberus
Geography:
Acheron Cocytus Tartarus Lethe Elysion	Styx Phlegethon Asphodel Erebus
Famous inmates:
Ixion Sisyphus	Tantalus The Titans
Related:
Greek mythology	Greek religion

In Greek mythology, Styx (Στυξ, "[river of] unbreakable oath") is the name of a river which formed the boundary between earth and the underworld, Hades. It circles Hades nine times. Styx and Phlegethon, Acheron and Cocytus converge at the center of Hades on a great marsh. The other important rivers of Hades are Lethe and Eridanos. The Buddhist version of this river is known as the river Sanzu.

Styx is guarded by Phlegyas, who passes the souls from one side to another of the river. In other versions, Phlegyas guards Phlegethon, another of the main rivers of Hades.

The gods respected the Styx and swore binding oaths by it. Zeus swore to give Semele whatever she wanted and was then obliged to follow through, resulting in her death. Helios similarly promised Phaëton whatever he desired, also resulting in his death. Gods that did not follow through on such an oath had to drink from the river, causing them to lose their voices for nine years.

According to some versions, Styx had miraculous powers and could make someone immortal. Achilles may have been dipped in it in his childhood, acquiring invulnerability, with exception of his heel, which was held by his mother in order to submerge him. His exposed heel thus became his only weakpoint.

Styx was primarily a feature in the afterworld of Greek mythology, but has been described as a feature present in the hell of Christianity as well, notably in The Divine Comedy. The ferryman Charon is in modern times commonly believed to have transported the souls of the newly dead across this river into the underworld, though in the original Greek and Roman sources, as well as in Dante, it was the river Acheron that Charon plied. Dante put Phlegyas over the Styx and made it the fifth circle of Hell, where the wrathful and sullen are punished by being perpetually drowned in the muddy waters.

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Goddess

Styx is also the name of a primordial goddess who represented that river, and was the only female river. She was a daughter of Okeanos and Tethys. With Pallas, she was the mother of Zelus, Nike, Cratos and Bia (and sometimes Eos).

Styx supported Zeus in the Titanomachia- she was the first to rush to his aid. For this reason her name was given the honor of being an oath for gods and men.

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Nymph

Styx is also the name of a naiad nymph whose river was the most holy and sacred, and to swear on it was the most holy oath a God could make. Her name meant literally Hateful. She and the goddess are often held to be the same figure.

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