Transmutation circle
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Image:White transmutation circle.jpg
- "The basic strength of a transmutation circle is the nature of the shape itself. The circle represents the circulation of power. By drawing it, that power can be evoked. By understanding this circulation of power and the laws that govern it, you can harness it for yourself. And one who works within this system of flow to create new things, that is the true alchemist..." — Izumi Curtis, Fullmetal Alchemist, episode 27.
Transmutation circles are a fictional element of the anime series Fullmetal Alchemist. They are the main source of alchemical energy in the series. The alchemist draws a transmutation circle, circuiting the energy of nature into it, and adding the formula (or symbols) to it, he can control it and use it for a transmutation. The circle is required to have something in order to give something (equivalent exchange), so usually, the alchemist puts the matter he wants to transmute in front of or in the circle.
Their function is analogous to what a catalyst does in a chemical reaction. Because they are not consumed in the transmutation, they can be used repeatedly, and are often worn on items of clothing or as tattoos so they do not have to be drawn for each new transmutation. In most cases, transmutation circles that are on gloves or tattoos require the user to clap their hands together in order to invoke their power. However, there are some exceptions; Roy Mustang merely needs to snap his fingers to create flames, while people with alchemically-adorned bracelets, pendants, or gauntlets may perform any of a number of different movements, depending on the article itself. An incomplete list of the transmutation circles seen in the series can be found here.
Some people, like the main character, Edward Elric are able to perform a transmutation without drawing a transmutation circle. This is due to the fact that he makes a complete circle when he clasps his hands together. He has also seen "The Gate [of Truth]", which contains knowledge of everything, including the greatest secrets of alchemy. Those who have passed through the gate gain the ability to transmute without a circle because of the "True Knowledge" they gain from The Gate.
Possible inspiration
The transmutation circles used in Fullmetal Alchemist are very similar to "magic circles" used in alchemical texts like the Key of Solomon.
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