U.S. Route 1

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Template:Infobox U.S. Route

U.S. Route 1 (also called U.S. Highway 1, and abbreviated US 1) is a United States highway which parallels the east coast of the United States. It runs 2,390 miles (3,846 km) from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. US 1 parallels Interstate 95, although as a longer route generally further to the west, although there are execptions to this rule. It connects the major cities of the east coast, including: Miami, Florida; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Jacksonville, Florida; Augusta, Georgia; Columbia, South Carolina; Raleigh, North Carolina; Petersburg, Virginia; Richmond, Virginia; Fredericksburg, Virginia; Alexandria, Virginia; Washington, DC; Baltimore, Maryland; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Trenton, New Jersey;New Brunswick, New Jersey Newark, New Jersey; New York, New York;Stamford, Connecticut; Bridgeport, Connecticut; New Haven, Connecticut; Providence, Rhode Island; Boston, Massachusetts; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; and Portland, Maine.

Theoretically, the highway is numbered "US 1" because it is the U.S. Federal Highway furthest east, and north-south highways are numbered east to west; however, several U.S. Highways run east of US 1, such as U.S. Highway 13 and most of U.S. Highway 17. The location of the road was influenced by the location of the fall line at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains.<ref>E. W. James on designating the Federal-aid system and developing the U.S. numbered highway plan</ref>

US 1 replaced the pre-existing "NE 1" of the New England Interstate Highway System instituted in 1922. US 1 largely follows the route of the Atlantic Highway and originally shared the same termini of Fort Kent, Maine and Miami, Florida. A major exception is the route between Augusta, Georgia and Jacksonville, Florida, where a more inland route was selected. Early auto trails often overlapped; as a result, in Virginia, it was also known as Jefferson Davis Highway. The section from Miami, Florida to Jacksonville, Florida duplicates the Dixie Highway; that from New York City to Providence, Rhode Island duplicates the Boston Post Road. The names of the old auto trails are still used locally in many places.

Contents

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Termini

Template:Lengths table |- |FL | | |- |GA | | |- |SC | | |- |NC | | |- |VA | | |- |DC | | |- |MD | | |- |PA | | |- |NJ |66.06<ref>New Jersey Department of Transportation, 2005 Straight Line Diagrams</ref> |106.31 |- |NY | | |- |CT |117.37<ref>Connecticut State Numbered Routes and Roads as of December 31, 2004 (PDF)</ref> |188.89 |- |RI | | |- |MA | | |- |NH | | |- |ME | | |- | | | |} As of 2005, the highway's northern terminus is in Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border, where it crosses the Saint John River and intersects Provincial Highway 205. Its southern terminus was originally Miami, Florida and was later extended to Key West, Florida, the southwesternmost island in the Florida Keys, where it is known as the Overseas Highway.

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Major cities

Image:Florida US 1.jpg

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Route description

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Florida

Image:Us1redsign.jpg In Florida, where signs for U.S. Highways formerly had different colors for each highway, the "shield" for US 1 was red. Florida began using the colored shields in 1956, but during the 1980's the MUTCD was revised to specify only a black and white color scheme for U.S. Highway shields. As such, Federal funds were no longer available to maintain the colored signs. On August 27, 1993, the decision was made to no longer produce colored signs. Since then, the remaining colored signs have gradually been replaced by black-and-white signs; at present, there are a few rare colored ones still in place.

US 1 is a designated Blue Star Memorial Highway along its entire route through the state. Markers are placed at various locations, including one in Rockledge, Florida. As is the case with all Florida roads with Federal designations, the entirety of US 1 has a hidden Florida Department of Transportation designation: Florida State Road 5 south of Callahan (except for 11 miles of its southbound lanes signed as SR 805 in Palm Beach County); Florida State Road 15 north of Callahan.

US 1 begins in Key West as a local road then becoming the Overseas Highway, the main highway serving the Florida Keys. The highway goes up to Florida City, becoming the Dixie Highway on the mainland. The Dixie Highway continues to Miami, with junctions to the termini of several Florida freeways along the way (Florida's Turnpike, Palmetto Expressway, Snapper Creek Expressway, and Interstate 95). In Miami, US 1 becomes Biscayne Boulevard as it continues near the shoreline of Biscayne Bay.

In Fort Lauderdale, there is a complex interchange with Interstate 595 at the Ft. Lauderdale International Airport. US 1 continues north as Federal Highway or Dixie Highway serving the beach communities along the eastern coast. It has a junction with the Bee Line Expressway in Brevard. US 1 eventually reaches the city of Jacksonville as the Philips Highway. US 1 then travels through downtown Jacksonville along Main Street, crossing St. Johns River on the Main Street Bridge until it reaches the 20th Street Expressway. US 1 then goes along the route of Florida State Road 15, traveling much further inland than Interstate 95 as it heads into the state of Georgia. US 1 will not meet up with Interstate 95 again until it reaches the state of Virginia.

A freeway alternate route in Jacksonville that bypasses the downtown area goes along the Hart Bridge Expressway, then along the Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway, which becomes the 20th Street Expressway.

Florida State Road A1A runs next to the Atlantic Ocean, roughly parallel to US 1 for much of its path through Florida.

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Georgia

In Georgia, US 1 is generally a very rural highway, running through historical plantation areas. It also passes by the Fort Gordon Army installation and the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. US 1 is also signed as Georgia State Route 4 for its entire length in the state. There is an interchange with Interstate 520 in Augusta and with Interstate 16 in Toombs County. US 1 enters the state from Florida at Folkston and exits the state into South Carolina at Augusta.

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South Carolina

US 1 enters South Carolina in North Augusta. From North Augusta through Columbia up to Camden, US 1 parallels Interstate 20, crossing it several times. It also has junctions with Interstate 26 and Interstate 77 in Columbia. From Camden, it continues northeast to the town of Cheraw and Cheraw State Park before entering the state of North Carolina. In much of South Carolina, US 1 is known as Two Notch since the road used to be marked by posts into which two notches were carved.

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North Carolina

From the South Carolina state line, US 1 passes through the towns/cities of Rockingham, Southern Pines and Sanford. From Sanford to Raleigh, US 1 becomes a freeway, traveling on the Claude E. Pope Memorial Highway. It overlaps a portion of Interstate 440 in Raleigh then heads north out of the city on Capital Boulevard. US 1 then travels north to Henderson where US 1 then parallels Interstate 85 into the state of Virginia. US 1 is known as the "Fall Line Highway" since it runs in the central part of the state in the "Capital" region near Raleigh, which is on the fall line between the Appalachian Rise and the Atlantic Ocean. US 1 runs for 208 miles in the state, generally going through the area of peach orchards in the Piedmont Plateau.

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Virginia

From the North Carolina state line to Petersburg, US 1 parallels Interstate 85 and is known as VA One and Boydton Plank Road. From Petersburg northward, US 1 parallels Interstate 95 and is known in most places as the Jefferson Davis Highway. In the city of Fredericksburg, between Richmond and the District of Columbia, it borders the western edge of the University of Mary Washington campus. Just before entering the District of Columbia, it runs along the Southwest Freeway.

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Washington, DC

From Arlington, Virginia, US 1 enters Washington, DC, running parallel to I-395. It follows 14th Street to Constitution Avenue, where it runs concurrently with US 50. This concurrency continues up 6th and 9th Streets before ending at New York Avenue, where US 50 turns east towards Annapolis, Maryland. US 1 continues its solo route up 6th Street, and finally crosses from the District into the Maryland suburbs via Rhode Island Avenue.

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Maryland

In Maryland US Route 1 passes through (from south to north) the border with Washington D.C. at Mount Rainier, MD. From there, it passes through Hyattsville, College Park (including the University of Maryland campus), Beltsville, Laurel, Baltimore City where it is known as Washington Boulevard. In Baltimore City it is known as Southwestern Boulevard and Wilkens Avenue, as well as Monroe and Fulton Streets. Where it traverses the North end of the city it is appropriately named North Avenue, representing the old boundary of the city. It is then known as Bel Air Road from Northeast Baltimore until Fallston, MD where it becomes the Bel Air Bypass, and finally it becomes Conowingo Road after crossing MD 543. From that point north, the route is comprised of long section of rural areas, near the mouth of the Susquehanna River where it crosses over the Conowingo Dam, the first road to physically cross over a dam in 1928.

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Pennsylvania

Route 1 enters Pennsylvania through Chester County's southern end, where it is known as "Baltimore Pike", and passes through such major Chester County towns as Kennett Square and Oxford. Before intersecting with U.S. Highway 202 in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania (at an intersection commonly known as "Painter's Crossing"), it passes by Longwood Gardens, a year-round botanical garden attraction.

The road winds through Chadds Ford and Wawa, Pennsylvania, wherein it provides an address to the Wawa Dairy Farms, which went on to create Wawa Food Markets, one of the most successful local convenience store chains in the United States. Before arriving in Media, Pennsylvania, it becomes the "Media Bypass," a superhighway that runs to the north of busy downtown Media. "Baltimore Pike," meanwhile, becomes a local road, running parallel to Route 1 through Media and Springfield, Pennsylvania before terminating in West Philadelphia near the University of Pennsylvania.

After providing drivers access to Interstate 476 (this interchange is one of the busiest on I-476), the route becomes a local road again, dubbed "Township Line Road", as it continues north through towns such as Springfield, Drexel Hill, and Upper Darby. For a long time, this portion of Route 1 was the only place in all of Delaware County, Pennsylvania containing a Subway restaurant.

Passing PA Route 3 in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, not too far from the SEPTA transit system's 69th Street Terminal, Route 1 drops the "Township Line Road" moniker at Haverford Avenue, which separates Philadelphia and Delaware counties. It is now "City Avenue" (locally known as "City Line Avenue") and acts as a border between the city of Philadelphia and the suburbs of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. St. Joseph's University makes its home on this particular stretch of the route, as do Philadelphia television stations WPVI-TV and WCAU-TV, whose studios happen to be on opposite sides of the roadway. Many of the city's radio stations are located just off of City Avenue, mainly in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Image:Roosevelt Boulevard.JPG At the Schuylkill River, Route 1 interchanges (and is even a temporary part of) Interstate 76 (the Schuylkill Expressway portion). This, too, is one of the busiest interchanges in the region, witnessing traffic backups in all directions during morning and afternoon rush hours. Now completely within the Philadelphia city limits, it becomes the Roosevelt Expressway over the river and finally just the Roosevelt Boulevard. This portion of Route 1 is the proverbial lifeline of those wishing to access Northeast Philadelphia and regularly sees traffic tie-ups at all of its major intersections. The Roosevelt Boulevard portion of Route 1 is separated into two sections in each direction (a superhighway "inner drive" portion and a local road "outer drive" portion) and is home to the intersections of Northeast Philadelphia streets Red Lion Road and Grant Avenue, two of the top three most dangerous intersections in the United States. Riders will also pass by the large outdoor Roosevelt Mall and the Northeast Philadelphia Airport before Route 1 meets up with the Pennsylvania Turnpike (at the toll road's "Philadelphia" interchange) just across the Philadelphia/Bucks county line.

In Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Route 1 becomes the "Lincoln Highway", an accident-prone superhighway that ferries motorists to and from northeastern Bucks County towns such as Bensalem and Langhorne. The latter suburb is home to suburban Philadelphia landmarks Oxford Valley Mall and the Sesame Place amusement park, based on characters from PBS' Sesame Street program. Crossing Interstate 95, it proceeds through Morrisville, Pennsylvania before crossing the Delaware River into Trenton, New Jersey, acting as one of the main bridges in the New Jersey capital's general area.

List of major junctions

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New Jersey

US 1 is 66.1 miles in New Jersey. US 1 begins as the 5.5-mile long Trenton Freeway from the Pennsylvania state line through the city of Trenton up to Lawrence Township in Mercer County. It then alternates between a 4-lane and 6-lane (mostly due to old bridges that weren't reconstructed when the highway was widened) principal arterial highway traveling through the Lawrence and West Windsor townships in Mercer County, the Plainsboro, South Brunswick, North Brunswick townships, the city of New Brunswick, and Edison and Woodbridge townships in Middlesex County, and the cities of Rahway, Linden, and Elizabeth in Union County. This segment is also known as the Herbert Highway and is 40.0 miles in length.

Image:600px-US 1-9.png In this section, in Woodbridge, is the southern end of the portion of US 1 that is coterminus with US 9. The two routes run together between this point and just east of the George Washington Bridge in the city of New York. Some signage on this joint portion has a typical US route marker with a "1-9" designation.

In Newark (Essex County), US 1 becomes a freeway for 3.5 miles and then continues as the General Pulaski Skyway (freeway) after the junction with Interstate 78. The Pulaski Skyway continues for another 5.6 miles into Kearny and Jersey City in Hudson County. Trucks, prohibited from the Skyway, must use the parallel Truck 1-9 between the eastern end of Newark and Tonnelle Circle in Jersey City.

In Jersey City, US 1 leaves the Pulaski Skyway and heads north as a 4-lane principal arterial road (Tonelle Avenue and Broad Avenue) into North Bergen township in Hudson County and Fairview, Ridgefield, Palisades Park and Fort Lee in Bergen County. This section is 10.3 miles long.

US 1 then joins Interstate 95 (together with US 9 and US 46) for about 1.2 miles before crossing the New York state line on the George Washington Bridge. US 46 terminates at the state line while US 1 and US 9 continue into New York City.

List of major junctions:

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New York

US 1 is 21.7 miles in New York. US 1 enters Manhattan on the George Washington Bridge together with US 9 and Interstate 95. US 9 separates 0.8 miles from the New Jersey state line heading north on Broadway, while US 1 and Interstate 95 continue for another 1.8 miles to the Bronx. US 1 then leaves Interstate 95 (at Exit 2B) traveling for another 6.3 miles in the Bronx before entering Westchester County. US 1 travels for 12.7 miles in Westchester County, going through the villages/cities of Pelham Manor, New Rochelle, Larchmont, Mamaroneck, Rye and Port Chester before entering the state of Connecticut. From the Bronx to the Connecticut state line, the road is known as Boston Post Road or Boston Road, in reference to a major roadway used to deliever mail between New York and Boston dating back to the 17th Century.

List of major junctions:

  • Manhattan
    • NY 9A
    • US 9 (northbound)
    • Harlem River Drive
  • Bronx
    • Interstate 87
    • Interstate 95 (northbound)
    • Bronx River Parkway
  • Westchester County
    • Hutchinson River Parkway
    • Interstate 95 (New Rochelle)
    • Interstate 95 and Interstate 287 (Rye)
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Connecticut

US 1 runs 117.37 miles in Connecticut. US 1 in Connecticut stays close to Interstate 95 throughout the state and has many junctions with it. It goes through the following towns as the roads listed below. From Greenwich to Branford, US 1 is mostly a 4-lane or 6-lane principal arterial road (with some 2-lane sections in dense areas). From Branford to Stonington, US 1 becomes a 2-lane or 4-lane minor arterial road (it is classified as a principal arterial road within Waterford town).

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Route

Template:RIOneWayPair Greenwich: 5.67 miles; New York State line to Stamford city line

  • West Putnam Avenue and East Putnam Avenue
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 5

Stamford: 3.30 miles; Greenwich town line to Darien town line

  • West Main Street, Tresser Boulevard and East Main Street
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 9

Darien: 3.91 miles; Stamford city line to Norwalk city line

  • Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 11 and 13

Norwalk: 5.11 miles; Darien town line to Westport town line

  • Connecticut Avenue, Van Buren Avenue, Belden Avenue, Cross Street, North Avenue and Westport Avenue

Westport: 4.78 miles; Norwalk city line to Fairfield town line

  • Post Road West and Post Road East

Fairfield: 5.43 miles; Westport town line to Bridgeport city line

  • Post Road, Kings Highway Cutoff and Kings Highway East
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 19, 23, and 24

Bridgeport: 4.73 miles; Fairfield town line to Stratford town line

  • North Avenue and Boston Avenue

Stratford: 2.41 miles; Bridgeport city line to Milford city line

  • Boston Avenue and Barnum Avenue
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 33

Milford: 6.26 miles; Stratford town line to Orange town line

  • Bridgeport Avenue and Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 34 and 39

Orange: 2.86 miles; Milford city line to West Haven city line

  • Boston Post Road

West Haven: 2.07 miles; Orange town line to New Haven city line

  • Boston Post Road

New Haven: 4.08 miles; West Haven city line to East Haven town line

  • Orange Avenue, Columbus Avenue, Church Street South, Columbus Plaza, Water Street and Forbes Avenue

East Haven: 1.55 miles; New Haven city line to Branford town line

  • Saltonstall Parkway
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 51

Branford: 6.96 miles; East Haven town line to North Branford town line

  • West Main Street, North Main Street and East Main Street
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 53, 54, and 55

North Branford: 0.06 miles; Branford town line to Guilford town line

  • Boston Post Road

Guilford: 5.83 miles; North Branford town line to Madison town line

  • Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 57 and 59

Madison: 5.65 miles; Guilford town line to Clinton town line

  • Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 62

Clinton: 3.30 miles; Madison town line to Westbrook town line

  • West Main Street and East Main Street

Westbrook: 3.91 miles; Clinton town line to Old Saybrook town line

  • Boston Post Road

Old Saybrook: 4.99 miles; Westbrook town line to Old Lyme town line

  • Boston Post Road and Interstate 95

Old Lyme: 5.78 miles; Old Saybrook town line to East Lyme town line

  • Interstate 95, Neck Road, Halls Road and Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 70

East Lyme: 4.83 miles; Old Lyme town line to Waterford town line

  • Boston Post Road
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 75

Waterford: 4.78 miles; East Lyme town line to New London city line

  • Boston Post Road

New London: 3.62 miles; Waterford town line to Groton town line

  • Bank Street, [Bank Street, Jefferson Avenue] (Colman Street), Colman Street, [South Frontage Road] (North Frontage Road) and Interstate 95
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 83

Groton: 7.23 miles; New London city line to Stonington town line

  • Interstate 95, [I-95 ramp] (Long Hill Road, Gold Star Highway), Long Hill Road, Poquonnock Road, Fort Hill Road, New London Road and West Main Street
    • Junction with Interstate 95 at Exit 85 and 86

Stonington: 8.27 miles; Groton town line to Rhode Island State line

  • East Main Street, Broadway, Roosevelt Street, Williams Avenue, Stonington-Westerly Road, South Broad Street and West Broad Street
    • US 1A (1.93 miles) loop route (North Water Street, Trumbull Avenue, Alpha Avenue and Elm Street)
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Rhode Island

US 1 runs 56.8 miles in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It has a business/bypass split in Warwick where US 1 Business runs along Post Road and US 1 Bypass runs along Post Road Bypass. The business route is officially recognized by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation as US 1.

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Route

Template:RIOneWayPair US 1 takes the following route through the State (South to North):

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Massachusetts

US 1 enters the state from Rhode Island at Attleboro. It closely parallels Interstate 95 as it goes through the towns of North Attleboro, Plainville, Wrentham, Foxboro, Walpole, Sharon, Norwood, and Westwood. US 1 then has a Wrong-way concurrency with Interstate 95 up to the junction with Interstate 93 then travels along Interstate 93 from Canton through downtown Boston separating from the Interstate just after passing through the Central Artery tunnel. The route crosses the Tobin Bridge travelling over Chelsea and Revere as the Northeast Expressway, then as a surface road through Malden, Melrose, Saugus and Lynnfield. From Lynnfield, US 1 again closely parallels Interstate 95 going through the towns of Peabody, Danvers, Topsfield, Ipswich, Rowley, and Newbury, before it enters the state of New Hampshire.

MA Route 1A runs alongside Route 1 in four parts of the state.

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New Hampshire

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Route

Template:RIOneWayPair US 1 takes the following route through the State (South to North):

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Maine

In Maine US Route 1 skirts the Maine coast line, then heads north, hugging the border with New Brunswick. A total of 529 miles lies in Maine, with spurs in York, Portland, Rockland, Bangor, Millbridge, Machias, and Aroostook County.

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Related U.S. Routes

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References

<references/>

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External links

Template:Cleanupus Template:US Highways

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