Feud
From Free net encyclopedia
A feud is a long-running argument or fight between parties—often groups of people, especially families or clans. Feuds tend to begin because one party (correctly or incorrectly) perceives itself to have been attacked, insulted or wronged by another. A long-running cycle of retaliation, often involving the original parties' family members and/or associates, then ensues.
Feuds can last for generations. In areas, or among groups, without strong central government, the feud can be the only way to seek justice between and within communities.
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Blood feuds/Vendetta
A blood feud is a feud with a cycle of retaliatory violence, with the relatives of someone who has been killed or otherwise wronged seeking vengeance by killing or otherwise physically punishing the culprits or their relatives. Historically, the word vendetta has been used to mean a blood feud. The word is Italian, and originates from the Latin vindicta, "vengeance." In modern times, the word is sometimes extended to mean any other long-standing feud, not necessarily involving bloodshed.
Famous blood feuds
- The Campbell - MacDonald feud, including the Massacre of Glencoe
- The Clanton/McLaury - Earp feud
- The Donnelly - Lucan community feud
- The Hatfield - McCoy feud
- The Lancaster - York feud
- The Percy - Neville feud
- Njál's saga, an Icelandic account of an Celtic-Nordic blood feud
Fictional blood feuds
- The Atreides - Harkonnen feud from Dune (novel) by Frank Herbert
- The Montague - Capulet feud, from Romeo and Juliet
Vendetta history
Originally, a vendetta was a blood feud between two families where kinsmen of the victim intended to avenge his or her death by killing either those responsible for the killing or some of their relatives. The responsibility to maintain the vendetta usually falls on the closest male relative to whoever has been killed or wronged, but other members of the family may take the mantle as well. If the culprit had disappeared or was already dead, the vengeance could extend to other relatives.
The Celtic phenomenon of the blood feud demanded "an eye for an eye," and usually descended into murder. Disagreements between clans might last for generations in Scotland, Ireland and Appalachia.
A similar concept existed in the Norse culture with the idea of weregild, which demanded payment of some kind from those responsible for a wrongful death. If these payments were not made, or refused by the offended party, a blood feud would ensue.
In Japan's feudal past the Samurai class upheld the honor of their family, clan, or their lord by katakiuchi (敵討ち), or revenge killings. These killings could also involve the relatives of an offender. While some vendettas were punished by the government such as with the 47 Ronin, others were given official permission with specific targets.
Traditions similar to vendetta have existed almost everywhere, as between various Arabic people, Albanians and Circassians.
Vendetta originated in societies with no central government (or where the central government did not consider itself responsible for mediating this kind of dispute) where family and kinship ties were the main source of authority. An entire family was considered responsible for whatever one of them had done. Sometimes even two separate branches of the same family could come to blows over some matter. The practice has mostly disappeared with more centralized societies where law enforcement and criminal law take responsibility of punishing the lawbreakers.
Vendetta in modern times
Vendetta is reputedly still practised in some areas in Corsica and Italy; especially Sardinia, Sicily and Calabria, Crete in Greece, in eastern regions of Turkey and in northern Albania, where those seeking retribution do not accept or respect the local law enforcement authority. Vendettas are generally based on a perceived or actual indifference on behalf of local law enforcement.
Similarly, honor killings are practised among more conservative sections of Muslim society, usually against female members of a family for perceived sexual or other transgressions.
Mutual vendetta may develop into a vicious circle of further killings, retaliation, counterattacks and all-out warfare that can end in the mutual extinction of both families. Often the original cause is forgotten, and feuds continue simply because there has always been a feud.
Some of the gang wars between organized crime groups are effectively forms of vendetta, where the criminal organization (like the Mafia "family") has taken the place of blood relatives.
Hip-hop feuds
Main article: Hip-hop rivalries
In modern hip-hop, rappers nototriously engage in verbal warfar with one another, which ocassionally spills over into actual violence and sometimes murder. The most high-profile feud in rap was the Tupac-Notorious BIG Feud, which included several shootings and attacks on friends of both icons. It culminated with the highly publicized assasinations of Tupac Shakur in 1996 and The Notorious BIG in 1997. Other notable rap feuds have included
- Jay-Z & Nas
- 50 Cent & Ja Rule
- Eminem & Benzino
- DMX & Ja Rule
- 50 Cent & The Game
- Insane Clown Posse & Eminem
Wrestling feuds
Main Article: Feud (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling, a feud is a staged disagreement between two workers or factions.
External links
- BBC: In pictures: Egypt vendetta ends May, 2005, One of the most enduring and bloody family feuds of modern times in Upper Egypt has ended with a tense ceremony of humiliation and forgiveness. Police are very edgy. After lengthy peace talks, no one knows if the penance - and a large payment of blood money - will end the vendetta which began in 1991 with a children's fight.
See also
fr:Vendetta (justice privée) he:נקמת דם it:Vendetta ja:フェーデ nl:Vete sv:Vendetta