Planetes
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Planetes (Ancient Greek: ΠΛΑΝΗΤΕΣ (Wanderers), Japanese Katakana: プラネテス, puranetesu) is a manga by Makoto Yukimura and a 26-episode anime of the same name, that was produced by Sunrise and broadcast on NHK in Japan from October 2003 through April 2004. The story revolves around a team of space debris collectors based in the debris ship Toy Box in the year 2075.
The manga is published in English by TOKYOPOP and it retains its right-to-left format. The anime has been licensed for US and Canadian distribution by Bandai Entertainment.
Contents |
Plot
The story of Planetes follows the crew of the DS-12 "Toy Box" of the Space Debris Section, a unit of Technora Corporation. Debris Section's pupose is to prevent the damage or destruction of satellites, space stations and spaceships from collision with debris in Earth's and the Moon's orbits. They use a number of methods to dispose of the debris (namely by burning it via atmospheric reentry or through salvage), accomplished through the use of EVA suits, where the participants are all licensed to collect debris.
The episodes sometimes revolve around debris collection itself, but more often the concept of collecting "trash" in space is merely a storytelling method for building character development. The members of the Debris Section are looked down upon as the lowest members of the company and they must work hard to prove their worth to others and accomplish their dreams.
Ongoing plot elements include an upcoming exploratory mission to Jupiter on the new fusion-powered ship, Von Braun, and the lead character's decision to join the mission, no matter the cost. Many other plot threads are also developed throughout the series that help to explain each character's motivations and personalities. The Space Defense Front is a terrorist organization that believes mankind is exploiting space without first curing global problems such as mass famine and the widened socio-economic divide on Earth. <ref>See Planetes Ep.12 </ref> Template:Endspoiler
Characters
- Main article: Characters of Planetes
Image:Img chara001.jpg Hachirota "Hachimaki" Hoshino (星野 八郎太 Hoshino Hachirōta, "Hoshino" literally means "star field") is the protagonist of the series. Everyone simply calls him "Hachi" (Japanese for "eight" or "eighth") or "Hachimaki" (Japanese for "headband", because he wears one during his EVAs). His dream has always been to own his own spaceship, but between the cost of purchasing one and his low-paying, seemingly dead-end job, Hachi struggles with even deciding whether or not to pursue his dream. Hachi's father is a renowned engineer, a source of much ambivalence to Hachimaki. Much of Hachi's drive is summed up in "bigger, faster, and further". However, this drive makes him conflicted about his own relationship with space. Loud and brash, Hachi has difficulty expressing himself adequately, especially in romantic matters.
Template:Anime voices Template:- Image:Ai Tanabe.jpg Ai Tanabe (田名部 愛 Tanabe Ai) is the newest member of the Debris Section. She is the adopted daughter of a death metal band leader turned engineer and an elementary school teacher. Tanabe did not speak until she was three years old. She is bright and earnest, but mostly unsure of herself. As a newcomer to space, the Debris Section and to extra-vehicular activity all at the same time, she has to slowly learn the ropes from everyone else. She believes that love, or "ai" (possibly a pun intended on her name being the Japanese term for love) is the solution to every problem. Kind and sweet, she is willing to do almost anything to help others. However, her kind spirit also masks a drive to become better than she is.
Template:Anime voices Template:- Image:Fee Carmichael.jpg Fee Carmichael is the American pilot of the "Toy Box", the debris-collecting ship used by the main characters. She was born in Richmond, Virginia, and the daughter of a prominent lawyer. Even more loud and brash than Hachi, Fee often becomes violent at others' actions and inaction, but she always means well. Being a heavy smoker, she has difficulty finding places to smoke as it is outlawed in most places in space. This often makes her quite irritable, though she has admitted that she is ashamed of her habit. Married with a young son, Fee lives in Florida when not in space, which is not very often.
Template:Anime voices Template:- Image:Yuri Mihalkov.jpg Yuri Mihairokoh (Russian Юрий Михалков) is the Russian member of the Debris team. Calm, stoic, kind and compassionate, Yuri often acts as the level head of the group. Several years before the events of the story, he and his wife were in a low-orbit craft traveling to England when a small bolt slammed into one of the ship's windows at high velocity, causing the plane to depressurize and make an emergency landing. Many died in the highly publicized incident, including Yuri's wife, who was never found. The incident and Yuri's desire to recover his wife's lost keepsake, a compass she wore around her neck, drives him to collect more debris. It is often speculated that Yuri's name is a reference to Yuri Gagarin. In the anime, Yuri and the Debris Section Office Staff are responsible for looking after the ISPV 7's resident animals.
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Manga
Originally serialized in Weekly Morning, the Planetes manga is a 5-part graphic novel series available in English from TOKYOPOP.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There are several major differences between the manga and the anime. One change is that the technology in the anime seems to be an improvement over that of the manga, introducing touch-controlled HUDs, retractable debris face shields with a video screen, and peripheral cameras to the EVA suits the main characters use. Also, the anime seems to have improved upon the weightless living and working spaces, with foot and hand bars for people to stabilize their movement in a weightless environment. The manga does not have the Toy Box and its crew based in the ISPV 7 Space Station, rather, it is based on the Moon. The United States of America is explicitly named in the manga, as opposed to in the anime where it is seldom mentioned in favor of "INTO" or the International Treaty Organization (a possible reference to NATO and SEATO), which seems to be a federation of individual countries including the United States and Japan. The anime does not include the story arc after volume 3 of the manga as the production of the anime started before the fourth volume.
However, the most noticeable change is Ai Tanabe not being introduced in the manga until chapter 7. The plot in the anime is re-ordered to reflect this change. The anime added many characters, including Claire, The Lunar Flying Squirrels, and the entire Debris Section office staff. Thus, the themes centred around salaryman culture were introduced in the anime. The manga deals more with existential themes, and humanity's relationship with space. Template:Endspoiler
Manga Summary
Anime
Episodes
Music & theme songs
The music of Planetes is a mixture of traditional orchestral music, supplemented by chorals, and traditional Japanese woodwinds. The music was composed by Kotarou Nakagawa.
Opening theme:
- "Dive in the Sky", by Mikio Sakai
Ending themes:
- "Wonderful Life", by Mikio Sakai (Episodes 1-25)
- "PLANETES", by hitomi (Episode 25)
Insert songs:
- "A secret of the moon", by hitomi (Various episodes)
- "Thanks my friend", by Mikio Sakai (Episode 13)
Reaction
Both the manga and the anime were critically lauded. According to Anime News Network, the manga has a "solid, engrossing storyline and well-developed characters" <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>. Anime News Network also proclaimed Planetes to be the best science fiction anime series of 2005<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>.
Sales-wise, the manga was only a modest success in North America, with volume 3 reaching 81st place on the Diamond US sales top 100, selling about 1100 copies through the distributor<ref>Template:Cite web Note: These are sales statistics to specialty shops through the distributor Diamond US. Tokyopop does not exclusively distribute through this company.</ref>. Volume 4 (which half of the volume unknown) reached 93rd place, selling about 1400 copies. <ref>Template:Cite web Note: These are sales statistics to specialty shops through the distributor Diamond US. Tokyopop does not exclusively distribute through this company.</ref>
Realism
Technical
Image:DiaperMan.jpg The story of Planetes takes place in the near future. Unlike many other anime and science fiction productions, special care was given in Planetes for a very realistic depiction of space and space travel. For instance, when in a weightless environment, the cel count dramatically increases in order to make weightless motion more fluid and realistic. Also, spaceships make no noise in the vacuum of space and astronauts routinely suffer from known space illnesses such as radiation poisoning, decompression sickness, cancer, brittle bones and mental illnesses spawned from isolation in the vacuum of space. One character, born on the Moon, grew to be abnormally tall due to the lesser lunar gravity.
Concepts like momentum in weightlessness are early plot points and are always illustrated naturally. Director Goro Taniguchi stated in the DVD commentary that he learned much about orbital mechanics in the course of making the series. This can be shown in showing specific orbital energy, through changing orbits by applying thrust throughout the series. <ref>Episode 1 Cast and Directors' Commentary</ref> Even the necessity for the retrieval of space debris that is central to the plot is rooted in the serious and growing problem with space debris today. <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The show also works to connect itself to the history of rocketry and space flight. The opening sequence is similar to the television series Star Trek: Enterprise, featuring a montage of the history of space flight from Greek mythology to the "modern" setting outlined in the series. Along the way, animated images of important milestones in space travel like Robert Goddard's early rocket tests, the V-2 rocket, Sputnik 1, Laika the dog, the Vostok spacecraft, Apollo 11, Skylab, Mir, the International Space Station and the Space Shuttle Endeavour and other mile stones are displayed. References to early pioneers in rocketry like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard, Wernher von Braun and Hermann Oberth are also made regularly. <ref>The Werner Locksmith character in particular seems to reflect both Von Braun's vision for the future as well as his willingness to resort to questionable means to achieve them.</ref>
Human elements
Image:Hachi(Suit).jpg The story also depicts the richer countries monopolizing resources in space and the poorer ones falling into civil war and being invaded by those richer countries. The conflicting views of the terrorist group, the Space Defense Front, who wish to shut human beings off from space, the main characters who believe in the importance of space exploration and development <ref>Planetes Ep.7: Fee: "Nothing can be solved by locking yourself up in a warm place, how could the world continue without space resources?"</ref>, and the International Treaty Organization (INTO) which wants space development primarily to serve the needs of developed nations<ref>See Planetes Ep. 24: Conversation between INTO officials during negotiations.</ref> also play major roles. The anime refrains from oversimplification of the various factions, portraying both true believers and those with ulterior motives on all sides. <ref>Planetes Ep. 24: SDF rebels on the Moon are stunned at being abandoned when their leadership strikes a deal with INTO on space resource distribution.</ref> The final settlement of the conflict is also unique in that it is not resolved by any of the main protagonists or antagonists, but by a compromise struck between unseen powers above their heads which they have no control over.<ref>See Planetes Ep. 24: Goro attempts to break into the hacked system but the system is restored without his intervention.</ref>
Both the anime and manga set a precedent of portraying a highly multicultural cast of characters respectfully and with minimal use of racial stereotypes as previously seen in almost all manga and anime which features a similar cast (For an example, see G Gundam). In fact, those characters who refer to stereotypes in the anime are usually berated by other characters almost immediately. <ref>Planetes Ep. 6: Lunar Flying Squirrels ask Hachi if he has a black belt, since he is Japanese. Hachi denies this outright and berates them. </ref>
Themes
The themes in Planetes are philosophical, societal, and political in nature.
- The theme most prevalent within the plot is the relationship between space, humanity, and the individual. Hachimaki struggles throughout the story with his own relationship with space and consequently, other people. Meanwhile, the terrorist group, the Space Defence Front's view of humanity's relationship with space is the driving force through much of the story.
- Existential dread (or angst) and the characters' response to it is an important part to their characterization. The characters' response to angst, particularly the protagonist Hachimaki, becomes a source of both internal and external conflict throughout the story.
- Both the manga and the anime criticize artificial divisions, including political divisions within humanity, as well as divisions between individuals <ref>Planetes anime: Much of the latter half of the anime deals with Hachimaki cutting himself off from others.</ref>, and class divisions <ref>Planetes Ep. 26: Clare mentions she wasn't very good at being an aristocrat.</ref>.
- In the anime, several characters were introduced in order to add its criticism of salaryman culture. Some of these characters are portrayed only to seek to climb the corporate ladder, however unlikely it may be. This fact makes several characters lose sight of the importance of their job, however lowly others might see it. At the same time, several characters are introduced who seek to work within the system in order to make a difference <ref>Planetes Ep. 26: Having expanded his influence within Technora Corporation, Dolf decides to defy the board in favor of steering the company towards the ideals he started out with.</ref>.
Trivia
- The appearances of the characters in the introduction sequence of the anime change throughout the course of the series to reflect the progression of the storyline.
- The Japanese space agency JAXA served as a technical consultant to the series. <ref>JAXA is credited for technical advice at the end of the credits of the anime.</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web "It's funny, the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) scientists actually duped the show off TV there and send their colleagues at NASA a copy to check out."</ref>
- The DVDs from the US release feature interviews with two scientists from NASA's Orbital Debris Section. One of the scientists stated that the previous director of the NASA Orbital Debris Section was in fact Donald J. Kessler, the scientist who proposed the eponymous Kessler Syndrome <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>. Both scientists also stated that the premise of having to rendezvous with debris in orbit is highly unlikely as it would take an extravagant amount of energy for a relatively small amount of salvageable material. <ref>See Planetes vol. 2, supplementary DVD, NASA Orbital Debris Section interview </ref>
- In episode 3 of the anime, or chapter 7 of the manga, the name of the famous astronaut in the space coffin is Ahmad ibn Fadlan, a reference to the 10th Century Islamic scholar.
- El-Tanika, the fictional South American country from the anime is described as "near the upper part of the Amazon River". This would place it somewhere near the borders of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
- Tanabe's first words were "kuro-kitty", or "black cat". This is consistent with the recurrent theme of dogs and cats throughout the manga.
- Planetes is the first manga to show Salat, or Islamic Prayer done on another planet (in this case, Mars).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
There are several references and similarities between the anime and another anime series that ran at the same time on NHK, Twin Spica. Some of these include:
- The hotel on the ISPV 7 Space Station is called the Hotel Spica.
- Episode 20 of the Planetes anime featured an isolation test which mirrored the isolation test which was part of the National Space Academy entrance test in Twin Spica.
- Inflated spherical escape pods, or "rescue balls" are featured in both series at some point.
- Both anime feature Takehito Koyasu.
There are several times where the anime and the manga would have references to each other. The following are some examples of this:
- "Nora", Technora Corporation's mascot in the anime is originally Hachimaki's alien friend who appeared in a dream.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- The white cat the SDF used as an avatar in the anime to talk to the Union conference delegates in episode 23 is Hachimaki's vision of God during his vision quest on the Lunar surface.
- In episode 22, the Debris Section Office Staff visit the Moon Debris Section office and find that the office staff there is very similar to them. This is a reference to the fact that the Toy Box and its crew were based on the Moon in the manga.
- In a non-canon yonkoma gag strip in the manga, Tanabe is defeated in volleyball by Claire (who only appears in the anime). However, Claire's face is not seen, as she states that the cartoonist "Isn't confident enough to draw me". <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Notes & references
See also
- Astrodynamics
- Space Debris
- Exploration of Mars
- Future energy development
- Human spaceflight
- Interstellar spaceflight
- Kessler Syndrome
- Low Earth Orbit
- Naturalistic science fiction
- Private spaceflight
- Space colonization
- Space exploration
- Space and survival
External links
- Planetes Official Web Site (in Japanese)
- Bandai Entertainments Planetes Web Site
- Planetes Reviews (in English)
- Anime News Network (Includes DVD Reviews)
- Official Planetes Manga Site (from TOKYOPOP)
- Planetes manga review at Mangareviewer.comTemplate:Link FA
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