Lilac

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Alternate meaning: Lilac (color)

{{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Lilac | image = Lilac (2).jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Lilac in flower | regnum = Plantae | divisio = Magnoliophyta | classis = Magnoliopsida | ordo = Lamiales | familia = Oleaceae | genus = Syringa | genus_authority = Mill. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = About 20 species; see text. }}

Lilacs (Syringa) are a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, native to Europe and Asia. Lilacs range in size from large shrubs to small trees, 2-10 m tall. The leaves are opposite, deciduous, and in most species simple and heart-shaped, but pinnate in a few species (e.g. S. laciniata, S. pinnatifolia). The flowers are produced in spring, each flower about 1 cm diameter, white, pale pink or more generally purple, with four petals. The flowers grow in large panicles, and in several species have a strong fragrance. Flowering starts after 80-110 growing degree days.

Lilacs are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Copper Underwing, Scalloped Oak and Svensson's Copper Underwing.

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Species

Syringa emodi - Himalayan Lilac
Syringa josikaea
Syringa julianae
Syringa laciniata - Cut-leaf Lilac
Syringa meyeri
Syringa patula
Syringa pekinensis
Syringa persica
Syringa pinetorum
Syringa pinnnatifolia
Syringa pubescens
Syringa reflexa
Syringa reticulata - Japanese Tree Lilac
Syringa sweginzowii
Syringa tomentella
Syringa villosa
Syringa vulgaris - Common Lilac
Syringa wolfii
Syringa yunnanensis - Yunnan Lilac

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Cultivation and uses

Image:Lilac cultivar.jpg Lilacs are popular shrubs in parks and gardens throughout the temperate zone. In addition to the species listed above, several hybrids and numerous cultivars have been developed. The term French lilac is often used to refer to modern double-flowered cultivars, thanks to the work of prolific breeder Victor Lemoine. The purple lilac (Syringa vulgaris) is the state flower of New Hampshire.

Lilacs flower on old wood, and produce more flowers if unpruned. If pruned, the plant responds by producing fast-growing young vegetative growth with no flowers, in an attempt to restore the removed branches; a pruned lilac often produces few or no flowers for one to five or more years, before the new growth matures sufficiently to start flowering. Unpruned lilacs flower reliably every year. Despite this, a common fallacy holds that lilacs should be pruned regularly. Lilacs generally grow better in slightly alkaline soil.

Lilac bushes can be prone to powdery mildew disease, which is caused by poor air circulation.

A pale purple colour is generally known as 'lilac' after the flower. Purple lilacs symbolise first love and white lilacs youthful innocence.

The wood of lilac is close-grained, diffuse-porous, extremely hard and one of the densest in Europe. The sapwood is typically cream-coloured and the heartwood has various shades of brown and purple. Lilac wood has traditionally been used for engraving, musical instruments, knife handles etc.

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Etymology

The genus name Syringa is derived from syrinx meaning a hollow tube or pipe, and refers to the hollow state of the younger shoots in some species. The name "pipe tree" is occasionally used.