SAMPA chart for Nahuatl

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A concise version of SAMPA for Classical Nahuatl sounds

IMPORTANT: SAMPA was created out of the need for a 7-bit plain-text representation of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), required to circumvent printing, editing, and emailing limitations on early computer systems. A second guideline in the creation of the SAMPA transcription for a particular language was simplicity and brevity; thus, most SAMPA tables encode only those phonemes that are necessary for the transcription of their target language, and tend to use the limited number of available ASCII symbols to represent those phonemes.

As a result, SAMPA tables are valid only in the language they were created for, the tables of the various languages are not harmonised, and there are conflicts between languages. X-SAMPA was created to solve this problem, at the price of the optimal simplicity and brevity achievable for a particular language. This is the reason why it is often useful to create a language-specific SAMPA table, while providing it with the X-SAMPA equivalents for disambiguation. That is the approach of this article.

Contents 1 Basic consonants 2 Affricate consontants 3 Semivowels (Approximants) 4 Vowels

Basic consonants

SAMPA	X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA	Description	Examples
p	p	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-p.png	unvoiced bilabial plosive	English hop [hQp], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o]
t	t	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-t.png	unvoiced alveolar plosive	English too [tu:], French raté [Rate], Spanish tuyo
k	k	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-k.png	unvoiced velar plosive	English cat [k{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o]
q	q	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-q.png	unvoiced uvular plosive	Latin aqwa [aqva]/[aqwa]
m	m	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-m.png	bilabial nasal	English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om]
n	n	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-n.png	alveolar nasal	English nap [n{p], French non [nO~]
s	s	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-s.png	unvoiced alveolar fricative	English seem [si:m], French session [se.sjO~]
x	S	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-S2.png	voiceless palatoalveolar fricative	English ship [SIp]
l	K	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-K2.png	voiceless alveolar lateral fricative	Welsh llaw
h	?	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-questionmark.png	glottal stop	Cockney bottle

Affricate consontants

SAMPA	X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA	Description	Examples
z	ts	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-t.pngImage:Xsampa-s.png	voiceless alveolar affricate	German z (?)
r	tK	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-t.pngImage:Xsampa-K2.png	voiceless alveolar lateral affricate	Welsh (?)
c	tS	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-t.pngImage:Xsampa-S2.png	voiceless palatoalveolar affricate	Italian c (?)

Semivowels (Approximants)

SAMPA	X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA	Description	Examples
y	j	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-j2.png	palatal approximant	English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2]
v	w	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-w2.png	labiovelar approximant	English west [wEst], French oui [wi]

Vowels

SAMPA	X-SAMPA	IPA	IPA	Description	Example
a	a	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-a.png	open low front unrounded vowel	French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["padre]
e	e	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-e.png	close-mid front unrounded vowel	French ses [se]
i	i	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-i.png	tense close front unrounded vowel	English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
o	o	Template:IPA	Image:Xsampa-o.png	close-mid back rounded vowel	French gros [gRo]