Adyghe language
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{{language |name=Adyghe |nativename=адыгэбзэ adygebze, adəgăbză |familycolor=Caucasian |states=Russia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Republic of Macedonia, Syria, Turkey |region=Russia: Adygea Republic |speakers=300,000 |fam1=Caucasian (disputed) |fam2=North Caucasian (disputed) |fam3=Northwest Caucasian |fam4=Circassian |nation=Adygea (autonomous republic of Russia) |iso2=ady|iso3=ady}}
Adyghe (адыгэбзэ adygebze, adəgăbză) is one of the two official languages of the Federal Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation, the other being Russian. It is spoken by the various tribes of the Adyghe nation: Shapsugh, Bzedugh, Abzekh, Kemirgoy, Hakuchi, and some others. The language referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or Adəgăbză, and alternatively spelled in English as Adygean, Adygeyan or Adygei. It is also known as Circassian.
There are apparently around 125,000 speakers of the language in Russia, almost all of them mother-tongue speakers. In the whole world, some 300,000 speak the language. The largest Adyghe-speaking community lives in Turkey.
Adyghe belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages. Kabardian is a very close relative, treated by some as a dialect of Adyghe or of an overarching Circassian language. The Ubykh, Abkhaz, and Abaza languages are also close relatives thereof.
The language was standardized after the October Revolution. Since 1938, Adyghe has used the Cyrillic alphabet. Before that, an Arabic-based alphabet was used together with the Latin.
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Phonology
Adyghe exhibits a large number of consonants: between fifty and sixty consonants in the various Adyghe dialects. All dialects possess a contrast between plain and labialised glottal stops; a very unusual minimal contrast, and possibly unique to the Abdzakh dialect of Adyghe, is a three-way contrast between plain, labialised and palatalised glottal stops (although palatalised glottal stop is also found in Hausa).
Grammar
Adyghe, like all Northwest Caucasian languages, has a basic subject-object-verb typology, and is characterized by an ergative construction of the sentence.
See also
External links
de:Adygeische Sprache eo:Adigea lingvo ga:Adyghe ko:아디게이어 he:אדיגית nl:Adyghe (taal) ja:アディゲ語 fi:Adygein kieli sv:Adygeiska zh:阿迪格語