Bicycle messenger

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Bicycle messengers (also known as cycle couriers) have carried packages by bicycle for more than a century, but it wasn't until the 1980s and 1990s that bicycle messengers became cultural icons. With its combination of high risk and low payoff, bike messengering is often seen as the quintessential youth culture job. The urban antihero overtones and sleek fashions (such as tattoos, cut-off shorts, and rugged shoulder satchels) are emblematic of bike messenger sub-culture; however, in many cities the level of professionalism and pay scale has increased. Some couriers retain their jobs for decades, resulting in a more mature demographic.

Many bike messengers use fixed-gear bicycles for their rounds because of their lightness, handling and simplicity of operation and maintenance. Although outsiders unfamiliar with fixed-gear bicycles often mistake this for a reckless display of bravado, amongst some messengers it has become a rite of passage and a symbol of identity and pride. It should be noted that while a great deal of attention is given to fixed-gear bicycle riding messengers that they represent a very small percentage among the industry as a whole.

Commission-based compensation encourages risk taking among messengers, who are conversely not party to medical benefits or job security, although some in the messenger community blame a media profile which highlights the outlaw image and fails to focus on the many long-term bicycle messengers who are neither young nor reckless.

There have been sporadic attempts to organise messengers beginning in the mid-'80s with the Independent Couriers Association in New York City which was formed to beat the mid-town bike ban in that city. Since 1993, messengers of the world have come together to celebrate messenger culture and remember their dead at the annual Cycle Messenger World Championships.

In the '90s fax machines and modems began to cut into the bicycle messenger business. Anecdotally, in the mid-1980s, Manhattan had 7,000 bike messengers to navigate its crowded streets; by 1994, this anecdotal number had shrunk to 2,000, although part of the story is that a race to the bottom amongst messenger company proprietors seeking market share at the expense of price led to a fall in price per job, leaving many messengers to seek other employment. Average gross earnings reportedly fell from $600 to $300 a week.

Many messengers see their occupation as a sport as well as a job. Bicycle messengers in most cities hold fairly regular urban cycle races known as "alleycats". These races are held informally, that is without notifying the authorities, on open roads and in heavy traffic, to simulate the messenger's working conditions. These should not be confused with the prestigious Cycle Messenger Championships, which take place at North American, European and World levels. However, most participants in cycle messenger races, whether sanctioned or otherwise would say they compete for fun rather than primarily for competition. In recent years some particularly skilled messengers have taken an interest in racing track bicycles in velodromes, where they can shed their heavy bags and test their strength and bike-handling skills.

Bicycle messengers have developed a popular cultural identity that has made them a symbol of urban living. Their innovative sense of street style and function inspires fashion designers, musicians and artists. Messengers are the subject of novels, memoirs, films, television series, songs, operas and anthropological studies. They even appear on sports cards and virtually every major city has at least one documentary about its messengers.

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Worldwide messengers

Although the idea of modern bicycle messengers is thought to have originated in North America, it has now spread throughout the developed world. The attraction of this service is that it provides a cheap and fast method of sending messages around an inner-city area with heavy traffic. The bicycle messenger is most common outside America in northern and eastern Europe, with large and organised bodies of couriers in such cities as London, Berlin, Copenhagen, Zurich, Warsaw, Budapest and Dublin, among others. In London motorcycle couriers are as common as bicycle couriers for historical reasons and most couriers services provide both motorbike and bicycle couriers.

There is an annual European Cycle Messenger Championships, or "ECMC", which takes place in a different city on the continent every year. Strangely, the concept has never really caught on in southern Europe, which is the heartland of world competitive cycling. As a result, there are very few bicycle couriers in France, Spain or Italy.

Outside Europe, there are large bicycle messenger scenes in Japan—notably Tokyo—and also in New Zealand and Australia, especially in Sydney. Bicycle messengers are also very popular throughout Africa and Asia where the bicycle is a more affordable mode of transportation. Many Latin American countries also use bike messengers in cities with heavy traffic congestion. Mexican artist José Guadalupe Posada created a popular icon of a marijuana-smoking bicycle courier everyman in his 19th century engravings.

Most of the cities of western influence reveal only their "messenger scenes" and are no indication of the size or typical application of bicycle messengers outside what can generally be regarded as the western concept of bicycle messengers. Beijing is estimated to have up to 6000 bicycle messengers today serving as an important part of the infrastructure. In fact many of the largest most populous urban areas utilize bicycle messengers far more effectively than western civilization; Buenos Aires for example also estimates several thousand bicycle messengers working to deliver packages each day. This efficient use of the messenger for any task has seen little decline even in the wake of the information age. The "messenger scene" is in all likelihood only a tiny portion of the industry as a whole.

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External links

da:Cykelbud de:Fahrradkurier

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