Korean people
From Free net encyclopedia
Template:Expert Template:Ethnic group
The Korean people are one of the main East Asian ethnic groups. Most Koreans live in the Korean peninsula and speak the Korean language.
South Koreans call Koreans Hangug-in (한국인; 韓國人) or Hanguk saram (한국 사람), while North Koreans call Koreans Chosŏn-in (조선인; 朝鮮人) or Chosŏn saram (조선 사람). See Names of Korea and Korean romanization.
Korea's population is highly homogeneous both ethnically and linguistically, with only small minorities, such as Chinese and Japanese, present in South and North Korea.
Contents |
Origins
See also: History of Korea
Koreans are generally believed to be of Tungusic-Altaic lineage Template:Fact, linking them with Mongolians and other Central Asians, as well as with the Japanese Template:Fact. The peoples of North and Central Asia have relatively tall statures, well-defined features (such as longer noses, and higher cheekbones) and relatively hairy bodies and faces Template:Fact.
Though they have interbred with other East Asian ethnic groups over the ages, Koreans have retained much of the physicalities of their Northern Mongoloid ancestors Template:Fact, including tall stature, long bridged noses, higher cheekbones, and the mongo-banjum ("Mongolian Mark"), a genetic predisposition for a bluish birthmark on the lower body which remains until early childhood.
Culture
Main articles: Culture of Korea, Contemporary culture of South Korea, Contemporary culture of North Korea
South Korea and North Korea share a common heritage, but the political division since 1945 has resulted in some divergence of modern culture.
Language
Main articles: Korean language, Hangul
The language of the Korean people is the Korean language, which uses hangul as its main writing system. There are around 71 million speakers of the Korean language worldwide.
Koreans outside of Korea
Koreans in the United States
See also: Korean American, List of famous Korean Americans
More than 1 million ethnic Koreans live in the U.S., mostly in metropolitan areas. A handful are descended from laborers who migrated to Hawaii in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A significant number are descended from orphans of the Korean War, in which the U.S. was a major ally of South Korea. Thousands were adopted by American (mostly Caucasian) families in the years following the war, when their plight was covered on television. The vast majority, however, immigrated or are descended from those who immigrated after the Hart-Cellar Act of 1965 abolished national immigration quotas.
The largest Korean-American community is in Los Angeles, California; Los Angeles' Koreatown district is extensive and recognized by the city. Many smaller Korean enclaves exist in surrounding communities of Southern California, notably in Orange County. Another significant Korean enclave is found in New York City, which includes Manhattan Koreatown, although the main concentration are found in the borough of Queens.
Other Korean enclaves can be found in Seattle, Washington; Houston, Texas; Bergen County, New Jersey; and Cook County, Illinois. As many Korean Americans have prospered economically and dispersed to live in suburban areas, ethnic enclaves in the traditional sense do not exist in many areas, although Korean churches and Korean-oriented commercial districts serving the distributed population can often be found. States with the largest Korean populations are California, New York, Washington, Texas, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois, and Virginia.
Koreans in the former Soviet Union
See also: Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Approximately 450,000 ethnic Koreans reside in the former USSR, primarily in the newly independent states of Central Asia. There are also large Korean communities in southern Russia (around Volgograd), the Caucasus, and southern Ukraine. These communities can be traced back to the Koreans who were living in the Russian Far East during the late 19th century.
In 1937, Stalin deported approximately 200,000 ethnic Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, on the official premise that the Koreans might act as spies for Japan. There is also a separate ethnic Korean community in the Russian island of Sakhalin, where Koreans relocated by Japan as labourers were stranded after the island became Soviet territory after World War II.
Probably as a consequence of these ethnic ties, South Korea was the second largest import partner of Uzbekistan, after Russia, and one of its largest foreign investors. The car manufacturer Daewoo set up a joint venture (August 1992) and a factory in Asaka, Andizhan province, in Uzbekistan.
Koreans in China
See also: Korean Chinese
Koreans form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. It is considered one of the "major minorities".
There are over 2 million ethnic Koreans in China, and they mostly occupy northeastern China, especially in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, where they numbered 854,000 in 1997.
Koreans in Japan
See also: Zainichi Korean, Ethnic issues in Japan
Koreans in Japan are called Zainichi Chosenjin (在日朝鮮人, for North Koreans) or Zainichi Kankokujin (在日韓国人, for South Koreans) in Japanese and Jaeil Gyopo (재일교포) in Korean. There are 529,000 Koreans in Japan, amounting to 40.4% of the non-Japanese population of the country. Three-quarters of the Koreans living in Japan are Japanese-born, and most are legal aliens.
Koreans in other countries
Large Koreatowns can also be found in Australia and Canada. The largest Korean community in Europe is in Germany, and there is a Koreatown in London. There are also Koreatowns in Latin american countries such as Mexico and Brazil.
See also
External links
- Korean American Museum
- Korean Residents Union in Japan(Mindan)
- Koryo Saram - The Koreans of Central Asia
- Sources - Koreans of Central Asiade:Koreaner
et:Korealased es:Etnia coreana fr:Coréens ko:한민족 id:Suku Korea ka:კორეელები ja:朝鮮民族 no:Koreaner pl:Koreańczycy sv:Koreaner zh:朝鲜族