Mesoamerican languages

From Free net encyclopedia

The Mesoamerican languages are the indigenous languages of Mesoamerica.

Contents 1 Families 1.1 Uto-Aztecan 1.2 Oto-Manguean 1.3 Mixe-Zoquean 1.4 Totonacan 1.5 Mayan 1.6 Tolatecan 1.7 Chibchan 1.8 Misumalpan 2 Isolates 3 Proposed stocks

Families

Uto-Aztecan

(Other branches are outside Mesoamerica.)

• Corachol  •  Nayarit
  • Huichol  • 20,000 native speakers
  • Cora  • 15,000
• Aztecan
  • Nahuan 1,380,000
    • Nawatl (C & N Nahuan) • México (state), Tlaxcala, Puebla, Hidalgo
    • Nawal (W Nahuan) • Michoacán, Durango, W Guerrero
    • Nawat (E Nahuan) • S Veracruz, N Oaxaca, Tabasco
    • Pipil (S Nahuan) • Pacific coast of Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador •  EXTINCT?
  • Pochutec • Coast of Oaxaca •  EXTINCT

Oto-Manguean

• Otopamean
  • Otomian
    • Otomi  •  Hidalgo, Guanajuato, N México (state), Querétaro  • 350,000
    • Mazahua (Masāwa’) • Michoacán, W México (state)  • 150,000
  • Pamean
    • Chichimec (Čīčīmēka) • Guanajuato  •  EXTINCT?
    • Pame • San Luis Potosí, NW Hidalgo  • 4200
  • Matlatzinca-Ocuilteco
    • Matlatzinca (Mātlatsinka) • SW México (state)  • 3,000
    • Ocuilteco
• Chinantecan (perhaps closest to Otopamean)
  • Chinantec (Činantēka) • N Oaxaca  • 100,000

• Supanecan
  • Tlapanec (Yopi) • Guerrero  • 44,000
  • Subtiaba • Nicaragua, El Salvador  • EXTINCT
• Manguean (perhaps closest to Supanecan)
  • Chiapanec (Čiyāpanēka) • Chiapas  • EXTINCT
  • Chorotegan • Honduras  • EXTINCT
  • Mangue • Nicaragua  • EXTINCT
  • Nicoyan • Costa Rica  • EXTINCT

• Popolocan
  • Mazatec (Masātēka)  •  SE Puebla, N Oaxaca  • 145,000
  • Ixcatec
  • Popoloc (Popoloka)  •  SE Puebla, NW Oaxaca  • 37,000
  • Chocho
• Zapotecan (perhaps closest to Popolocan)
  • Zapotec (Tsapotēka) • Oaxaca  • 500,000
  • Chatino • SW OOaxaca  • 28,000
  • Soltec-Papabuco  •  Elotepec Oaxaca  • EXTINCT

• Mixtecan
  • Mixteco-Cuicateco
    • Mixtec (Mištēka)  •  E Guerrero, S Puebla, W Oaxaca  • 500,000
    • Cuicatec (Kwīkatēka) • NE Oaxaca  • 20,000
  • Trique • W Oaxaca  • 19,000
• Amuzgo (perhaps closest to Mixtecan)
  • Amuzgo (Āmoško)  •  E Guerrero, W Oaxaca  • 20,000

Mixe-Zoquean

• Mixean
  • E & W Mixe • E Oaxaca  • 75,000
  • Oluta & Sayula • S Veracruz  •  EXTINCT?
  • S Mixe •  SE Chiapas  • EXTINCT
• Zoquean
  • Zoque • Tabasco, Chiapas, E Oaxaca  • 35,000
  • Sierra Popoluca & Texistepec • S Veracruz  • 25,000
  • Chimalapa

Totonacan

• Totonaca • Puebla, Veracruz  • 250,000
• Tepehua • Hidalgo, Veracruz  • 10,000

Mayan

• Huastecan
  • Huastec (Wāštēka) • N Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, NE Hidalgo  • 120,000
  • Chicomulcetec • S Chiapas  • EXTINCT

• Yucatecan
  • Yucatec (Yo’katēka or Maya) • Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Belize, N Guatemala  • 750,000
  • Mopán • N Guatemala, Belize  • 11,000
  • Itzá • N Guatemala  •  EXTINCT?
  • Lacandon • Chiapas  •  1000

• Western
  • Greater Tzeltalan
    • Cholan
      • Chol (Č’ol)  •  Tabasco, Chiapas  • 135,000
      • Chontal (Yocotán)  •  Tabasco  • 55,000
      • Chorti (Č’orti’)  •  Honduras, E Guatemala  • 30,000
    • Tzeltalan • Chiapas
      • Tzeltal (Ts’eltal)  • 215,000
      • Tzotzil (Sots’il)  • 265,000
  • Greater Kanjolabalan • NW Guatemala, Chiapas
    • Chujean
      • Chuj (Čūx) • NW Guatemala  • 50,000
      • Tojolabal • Chiapas  • 35,000
  • Kanjolabal (Q’anhob’al) • NW Guatemala
    • Solomec  • 80,000
    • Acatec  • 60,000
    • Jacaltec  • 100,000
  • Mochó (Cotoque) • SE Chiapas
    • • Motozintlec  •  EXTINCT?
      • Tuzantec  •  EXTINCT?

• Eastern
  • Greater Mamean
    • Mamean
      • Mam (Mām) • W Guatemala  • 535,000
      • Tektiteco •  Chiapas-Guatemala border  • 2300
    • Ixilan  •  NW Guatemala
      • Ixil  • 70,000
      • Aguacatec (Awakateko)  • 18,000
  • Greater Quichean
    • Quichean  •  C Guatemala
      • Quiché (K’īčē’)  • 2,420,000
      • Cakchiquel (Kaqčikel)  • 450,000
      • Tz’utujil  • 85,000
      • Sacapultec  • 35,000
      • Sipacapan  • 8000
    • Kekchi (Q’eqči’) • C & E Guatemala  • 420,000
    • Pocom • C & E Guatemala
      • Pocomchi (Poqomči’)  • 90,000
      • Pocomam (Poqomam)  • 50,000
    • Uspantec • NW Guatemala  • 3000

Tolatecan

• Tequistlatec (Chontal) • SE Oaxaca  • 4500
• Tol (Jicaque, Xicaque) • NW Honduras  •  350

Chibchan

(other branches are outside Mesoamerica)

• Paya (Pech) • N Honduras  •  1000

Misumalpan

• Miskito • Nicaragua  • 185,000
• Sumo  • 7000
• Matagalpa  •  EXTINCT

Isolates

• Purépecha (Tarascan) • SW Michoacán  • 120,000

• Cuitlatec (Kwītlatēka) • Guerrero  • EXTINCT

• Huave (Wabe) • SE Oaxaca  • 14,000

• Xinca • SE Guatemala  •  EXTINCT

• Lenca • SW Honduras, El Salvador  •  EXTINCT?

Proposed stocks

• Hokan (other branches in North America)
  • Tolatecan

• Macro-Mayan (Penutian affiliation now considered doubtful.)
  • Totonacan
  • Huave
  • Mixe-Zoque
  • Mayan

• Macro-Chibchan
  • Chibchan
  • Misumalpan
  • Xinca
  • Lenca