Philip Roth

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Philip Milton Roth (born March 19, 1933, Newark, New Jersey) is a Jewish-American novelist who is best known for his 1959 collection, Goodbye, Columbus, as well as his sexually-explicit comedic novel Portnoy's Complaint (1969) and for his late-'90s trilogy comprising the Pulitzer Prize-winning American Pastoral (1997), I Married a Communist (1998), and The Human Stain (2000). Most of his novels contain Jewish characters and address issues of importance to American society such as assimilation, Zionism, and anti-Semitism.

1 Life and career
2 Bibliography
3 Awards
4 See also
5 External links
6 Further reading

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Life and career

Roth grew up in the Weequahic neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey as the oldest child of first generation American parents, Jews of Galician descent. After graduating from high school at the age of 16, Roth went on to attend Bucknell University, earning a degree in English. He then pursued graduate studies at the University of Chicago, receiving an M.A. in English literature and then working briefly as an instructor in the university's writing program.

It was during his Chicago stay that Roth met the novelist Saul Bellow, who briefly became his mentor, and Margaret Martinson, who eventually became his first wife. Though the two would separate in 1963, and Martinson would die in a car crash in 1968, Roth's dysfunctional marriage to her left an important mark on his literary output. Specifically, Martinson is the inspiration for female characters in several of Roth's novels, including Maureen Tarnopol in My Life As a Man, and, perhaps, Mary Jane Reed (aka "The Monkey") in Portnoy's Complaint.

Between the end of his studies and the publication of his first book in 1959, Roth served two years in the army and then wrote short fiction and criticism for various magazines, including movie reviews for The New Republic. His first book, Goodbye, Columbus, a novella and five short stories, won the prestigious National Book Award in 1960, and afterward he published two long, bleak novels, Letting Go and When She Was Good; it was not until the publication of his third novel, Portnoy's Complaint, in 1969 that Roth enjoyed widespread commercial and critical success.

During the 1970s Roth experimented in various modes, from the political satire Our Gang to the Kafkaesque fantasy The Breast. By the end of the decade, though, Roth had created his Nathan Zuckerman alter-ego. In a series of highly self-referential novels and novellas that followed between 1979-1986, Zuckerman appeared as either the main character or as an interlocutor.

Critics generally regard Roth's golden period as commencing with Operation Shylock and continuing to the present day. In 1995's comic masterpiece Sabbath's Theater, Roth presented his most lecherous protagonist yet in Mickey Sabbath, a disgraced aging former puppeteer. In complete contrast, the first volume of Roth's second Zuckerman trilogy, 1997's American Pastoral, focuses on the life of the virtuous Newark athletics star Swede Levov and the tragedy that befalls him when his daughter becomes a terrorist. I Married a Communist (1998) focuses on the McCarthy era; The Human Stain examines political correctness and racial identity in 1990s America.

The Dying Animal (2001) is a short novel on the subject of eros and death that revisits literary professor David Kapesh, protagonist of several 1970s works. Roth's best-selling novel, The Plot Against America, was released in late 2004 and won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History in 2005.

Philip Roth is arguably the most decorated American writer of his era. Two of his works of fiction have won the National Book Award; two others were finalists. Two have won National Book Critics Circle awards; again, another two were finalists. He has also won two PEN/Faulkner Awards and a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction - for his 1997 novel American Pastoral. In 2002, he was awarded the National Book Foundation's Award for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Literary critic Harold Bloom has named him as one of the four major American novelists still at work, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo, and Cormac McCarthy.

In early 2004, the Philip Roth Society announced publication of the Philip Roth Studies journal. The inaugural issue was released in Fall 2004.

Events in Roth's personal life have sometimes been the subject of media scrutiny. According to his pseudo-confessional novel Operation Shylock (1993), Roth suffered a nervous breakdown in the late 1980s as a result of pain-killers prescribed to him after a difficult knee operation. On April 19, 1990, he married long-time companion and English actress Claire Bloom. In 1994 they separated, and in 1996 Bloom published an embarrassing memoir detailing their relationship called Leaving a Doll's House. It is rumoured Roth was infuriated by his unflattering depiction therein, and that to exact revenge he caricatured Bloom as the poisonous Eve Frame character in I Married a Communist. Woody Allen's 1997 film Deconstructing Harry has often been considered a fictionalised portrait of Roth.