Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11, 2001 attacks
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| Sept. 11, 2001 attacks |
| Timeline |
|---|
| Background history |
| Planning |
| September 11, 2001 |
| Rest of September |
| October |
| Aftermath |
| Victims |
| Survivors |
| Foreign casualties |
| Hijacked airliners |
| American Airlines Flight 11 |
| United Airlines Flight 175 |
| American Airlines Flight 77 |
| United Airlines Flight 93 |
| Sites of destruction |
| World Trade Center |
| The Pentagon |
| Shanksville |
| Effects |
| World political effects |
| World economic effects |
| Detentions |
| Airport security |
| Closings and cancellations |
| Audiovisual entertainment |
| Response |
| Government response |
| Rescue and recovery effort |
| Financial assistance |
| Memorials and services |
| Perpetrators |
| Responsibility |
| Organizers |
| Miscellaneous |
| Communication |
| Tower collapse |
| Slogans and terms |
| Conspiracy theories |
| Opportunists |
| Inquiries |
| U.S. Congressional Inquiry |
| 9/11 Commission |
The area surrounding the World Trade Center became the site of the greatest number of casualties and missing, and physical destruction. This region became known in the ensuing days as "ground zero".
Contents |
Firefighters
Image:Ground 0.jpg New York City firefighters rushed to the World Trade Center minutes after the first plane struck the north tower. Chief brass set up a command center in the lobby as firefighters climbed up the stairs. FDNY deployed 200 units to the site.
Many firefighters arrived at the World Trade Center without meeting at the command centers.
Problems with radio communication caused commanders to lose contact with many of the firefighters who went into the buildings; those firefighters were unable to hear evacuation orders.
There was practically no communication with the police, who had helicopters at the scene.
When the towers collapsed, hundreds were killed or trapped within.
Meanwhile, average response times to fires elsewhere in the city that day only rose by one minute, to 5.5 minutes.
The other firefighters worked alternating 24-hour shifts.
Firefighters came from hundreds of miles around New York City, including numerous volunteer units in small-town New York. Image:Bombero de ojos azulesaa.jpg
Doctors, EMTs, etc.
Doctors, nurses, medical students, paramedics, EMTs, and counselors quickly arrived at the site of the collapse to set up multiple small staging areas and triage centers in the streets surrounding the World Trade Center site. Medical teams from the local neighborhoods, surrounding boroughs, and visiting medical staff worked to set up and staff these multiple triage sites, as guided by FDNY officials. As the afternoon wore on, these triage sites were slowly closed and the triage efforts were consolidated at the Chelsea Piers.
Police
NYPD helicopters were soon at the scene, reporting on the status of the burning buildings.
Many New York City and Port Authority of New York and New Jersey police were killed in the collapse of the towers.
The NYPD worked alternating 12-hour shifts in the rescue and recovery effort.
Emergency Management
NYC Office of Emergency Management was the agency responsible for coordination of the City's response to the WTC attacks. Headed by then-Director Richard Sheirer, the agency was forced to vacate its headquarters, located in 7 World Trade Center, within hours of the attack. The building later collapsed due to fire. OEM reestablished operations temporarily at the police academy, where Mayor Giuliani gave many press conferences throughout the afternoon and evening of September 11. Two days later, emergency operations were moved to a pier on the Hudson River. This location served as the point of coordination for over 90 City, State and Federal agencies during the months following the disaster.
The agency now resides in a temporary headquarters in Brooklyn and is awaiting construction of a new, state-of-the-art headquarters to be located in downtown Brooklyn in the former Red Cross building.
Pilots
Immediately following the attacks, members of the Civil Air Patrol were called up to help respond. Then-Northeast Region Commander Colonel Richard Greenhunt placed his region on alert mere moments after he learned of the attack. Early the next day, CAP was given clearance by NORAD to fly Photo-Recon missions of Ground Zero, to provide detailed analysis of the wreckage and aide in recover efforts. They were the first aircrews allowed to take off that was not a Fighter or a Tanker, or otherwise associated with the U.S. Military.
In addition, CAP began to fly blood-transport flights, taking donated blood directly from the blood banks, and landing at JFK Airport, with still enough runway left to take off and fly back. The advantage of this is the ability to land at a local airport, and fly directly to the disaster zone.
Engineers
Starting on September 12, engineers organized by the Structural Engineers Association of New York were working on site for the New York City Department of Design and Construction, reviewing stability of the rubble, evaluating the safety of hundreds of buildings near the site, and designing support for the cranes brought in to clear the debris.
Ironworkers
Ironworkers, some even visiting from other countries, arrived on scene soon after the collapse to offer their services to help rescue victims. Unfortunately, the immediate danger of fire and smoke kept many from helping.
Truckdrivers
By Friday, 9/14/2001, 9000 tons in 1500 truckloads of debris have been brought to the Fresh Kills landfill. By Monday afternoon, 40,000 tons have been taken out.
American Red Cross
See Donations.
National Guard
Fighting 69th From Manhattan was the first military force to secure Ground Zero
Volunteers
Volunteers began arriving at the World Trade Center soon after the towers collapsed. Those who arrived in the early hours helped in any way they could, including college students who gave out water to the rescue workers; later unsolicited volunteers were turned away. People with particular skills, including construction, demolition, medical training, and mental health conseling, came to assist throughout the first few days; a team of disaster relief specialists even came from France. By late Friday, September 14, there was essentially no more room for volunteers, though people had arrived from as far off as California, waiting in lines outside the relief administration center at Javits Center.
American Red Cross
Numbers from the American Red Cross, as of November 19, 2001: 11,549,338 meals/snacks have been served. There have been 50,423 total disaster workers, 48,491 of them volunteers. See also Assistance.
Monetary Cost
Estimated total costs, as of 10/3/2001:
- $5 billion for debris removal
- $14 billion for reconstruction
- $3 billion in overtime payments to uniformed workers
- $1 billion for replacement of destroyed vehicles and equipment
- (one Fire Department accident response vehicle costs $400,000)
See also
External links
- Fire Dept. Lapses on 9/11 Are Cited, The New York Times, 8/3/2002
- In Last Piles of Rubble, Fresh Pangs of Loss, The New York Times, 3/17/2002
- THE VOLUNTEERS: Good Intentions Lead to a Bad Ending, New York Times, 10/18/2001
- THE SITE: In an Urban Underbelly, Hidden Views of Terror's Toll, New York Times, 10/14/2001
- THE BUDGET: Finances of New York City Staggered by the Emergency, New York Times, 10/3/2001
- Fire Dept. Asks If There Are Some Fires It Shouldn't Fight, New York Times, 9/30/2001
- UNDERGROUND: Looting Is Reported in Center's Tomblike Mall, New York Times, 9/21/2001
- THE SITE: Police Commissioner Backs Poor Outlook on Survivors, New York Times, 9/19/2001 also describes visits by political leaders
- THE FIREMEN: Department Promotes 168 to Rebuild Officer Ranks, New York Times, 9/18/2001
- THE DISPOSAL: Hauling the Debris, and Darker Burdens, New York Times, 9/17/2001
- THE FUNERALS: For the Fire Department, the First Three Farewells, New York Times, 9/16/2001
- City Loses Hundreds of Bravest, Finest, New York Post
- THE FIREFIGHTERS: Department's Cruel Toll: 350 Comrades, New York Times, 9/13/2001
- THE RESPONSE: Firefighters Dash Into Towers; Many Do Not Return, New York Times, 9/12/2001