Rousay
From Free net encyclopedia
Rousay (from Old Norse Hrólfs-øy meaning Rolf's Island) is a small but hilly island about 3 km (2 mi) off the north side of Orkney's Mainland, in Scotland, which has been nicknamed "the Egypt of the north" due to its tremendous archaeological diversity and importance. In the 2001 census, it had a population of 212 people.
The island has evidence from every stage in the history of Orkney, with Neolithic settlement at Rinyo, Bronze Age burnt mounds, Iron Age crannogs and brochs (the highest density anywhere in Scotland: 3 within 500 metres of coastline), Viking boat burials, remains of a medieval church and the stately home at Trumland.
Rousay crofters suffered badly from demanding landlords and excessive rents; most were made homeless. The main practitioner of these clearances was William Traill Burroughs (AKA "the Little General", because of his diminutive stature). The most spectacular of the island's archaeological sites is the Midhowe complex of broch and chambered tomb. Taversoe Tuick, Blackhammer and Yarso are also important tombs on the island. Rousay is linked to Mainland Orkney by a regular ferry service which runs back and Forth 6 times per day. The crossing takes 30 minutes.
The poet Pauline Stainer spent several years on the island, resulting in a book collection of her poems about Rousay, Parable Island (1999).
The Geneology of Rousay and her neigbouring Islands (Egilsay and Wyre)is well documented in the Book "[Rousay Roots]" by Robert C Marwick. Other books by the author include The Little General and the Rousay Crofters.[1]. The paragraphs below are from the website Rousayroots.com
Rousay is one of the Orkney Islands which lie a few miles to the north of the mainland of Scotland. Orkney lay under Norse rule from the ninth century until 1486 when it was ceded to Scotland in lieu of a wedding dowry. Consequently, most of the placenames in the islands are of Norse origin. In his book, The Placenames of Rousay, Dr. Hugh Marwick traces the Rousay name back through its various forms to Hrolfsey, Hrolf (Rolf) being a common personal name among the ancient Norsemen. Later forms of the name were Rollesay in the late 14th century, Rolsay in the 15th, Rowsay in the early 16th, with Rousay first appearing in 1549.
After Hoy, Rousay is the hilliest of the Orkney islands. Its highest hill is Blotchnifiold which reaches a height of 816 feet, and two others, Keirfea and Knitchen, rise to over 750 feet. To those with the energy to climb their gentle slopes they afford splendid views over neighbouring islands lying to the north and east as well as over parts of the mainland of Orkney.
The road that runs around the island is 14 miles long and throughout its length is never more than a few hundred yards from the coast. Most of the arable land lies between the road and the shore.
In the past most of the people in Rousay made their living from farming and fishing. The island also supported a few tradesmen such as blacksmiths, joiners, shoemakers, and tailors. Some women were engaged in dressmaking and straw plaiting. A number of small shops sold groceries, household hardware, and small farm necessities such as shovels, forks, and rope.
150 years ago Rousay had a population of over 900 but emigration had reduced that number to 627 by 1900. In the next 50 years the number fell to 342. Depopulation then speeded up and the number fell to an all-time low of 181 in the next 20 years. The tide then turned in the 1970s when families from the south, mainly from England, began settling in the island. The population has increased to its present level of about 250, two-thirds of whom are new Orcadians. Agriculture, fish farming, and fishing are the main sources of employment.
Rousay abounds in archaeological sites with over 100 having been identified. Only a small fraction of them have been excavated and researched. The best known are Midhowe Broch and the nearby Stalled Burial Cairn. near the shore on the west side of the island.Template:Orkney-geo-stub