S
From Free net encyclopedia
- The long s (ſ) will redirect here. See Long s for it. You may also be looking for the Korean band S♯arp.
- S# redirects here. Due to technical limitations, the article on the S# programming language is located at S Sharp programming language.
Template:AZS is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is ess Template:IPA, or es- in compounds such as es-hook.
In most writing systems that use the Latin alphabet, as well as the International Phonetic Alphabet, the letter [s] corresponds to a voiceless alveolar sibilant.
Contents |
History
| Proto-Semitic š | Phoenician S | Etruscan S | Greek S |
|---|---|---|---|
| Image:Proto-semiticS-01.png | Image:PhoenicianS-01.png | Image:EtruscanS-01.png | Image:GreekS-01.png |
Semitic Šîn ("teeth") was pronounced as the voiceless postalveolar fricative Template:IPA (like the sound of the letters sh in ship). The original form may have represented a picture of female breasts. Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek sigma (Σ) came to represent Template:IPA. The name "sigma" probably comes from the Semitic letter "Sâmek" (fish; spine) and not "Šîn". In Etruscan and Latin, the Template:IPA value was maintained, and only in modern languages has the letter been used to represent other sounds, such as voiceless postalveolar fricative Template:IPA in Hungarian and German (before p, t) or the voiced alveolar fricative Template:IPA in English, French and German (in English rise; in French lisez (="read" imperative plural); in German lesen (="to read").
Care must be taken for incompletely anglicized words from German and proper names from that language. The trigraph "sch" is pronounced similarly to the English digraph "sh," though with rounded lips. When it is followed either by a p or t, it is pronounced with the same "sh" sound, but when starting a word followed by a vowel, it is pronounced like the English "z," not the German one. Firms started in German-speaking countries, like Siemens, would prefer to have their customers world-wide pronounce the name of the company in this manner.
Template:IPA notice An alternative form of s, ſ, called the long s or medial s, was used at the beginning or in the middle of the word; the modern form, the short or terminal s, was used at the end of the word. For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "ſinfulneſs" using the long s. The use of the long s died out by the beginning of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with the minuscule f. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) became the German ess-tsett ( ß ).
Codes for computing
{{Letter |NATO=Sierra |Morse=··· |Character=S |Braille=⠎ }} In Unicode the capital S is codepoint U+0053 and the lowercase s is U+0073.
The ASCII code for capital S is 83 and for lowercase s is 115; or in binary 01010011 and 01110011, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital S is 226 and for lowercase s is 162.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "S" and "s" for upper and lower case respectively.
Meanings for S
- As the first letter of a postal code,
- In Canada, S stands for Saskatchewan.
- In the United Kingdom, S stands for Sheffield.
- In international license plate codes, S stands for Sweden.
- In photography, some SLR cameras (such as Konica Minolta cameras) use S to signify shutter priority mode, where the user sets the shutter speed and the camera determines the aperture. Canon cameras use Tv instead of S.
- In calendars, S is often the abbreviation for Saturday or Sunday, or the month September. U is sometimes used for Sunday to avoid confusing it with Saturday.
- In chess, S is sometimes used as a symbol for the knight, to reduce confusion over which of N and K stand for 'knight' and 'king'.
- In education, S stands for a satisfactory grade.
- In computing,
- S may refer to the S programming language.
- <s> is the deprecated HTML start tag for strike-through text. (As like
this.) - On pc's, Ctrl-S, and Mac OS, Command-S, saves the open document.
- On MS DOS, Ctrl-S stops output to a terminal, while Ctrl-Q resumes it.
- In economics,
- In finance, S is the U.S. ticker symbol for Sprint Nextel Corporation and formerly the U.S. ticker symbol of Sears, Roebuck and Co.
- In weather forecasting and geography, S stands for south, one of the 4 cardinal directions.
In science
- s is sometimes used to represent a position, distance or displacement function, or stands for separation.
- In astronomy,
- S is the symbol for the spat, an unit of distance (equal to 1012 m)
- S stands for natural satellite; for example, S/2005 P 2 is the second satellite of Pluto sighted in 2005.
- S stands for the planet Saturn; for example, S/2004 S 7 is the seventh satellite of Saturn sighted in 2004.
- S stands for a September 16 through 30 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g. C/1965 S1, Comet Ikeya-Seki) or asteroid (e.g. Template:Mpl).
- In biochemistry, S is the symbol for serine.
- In chemistry,
- S is the symbol for the chemical element sulfur.
- The S-block is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table.
- In stereochemistry, S (sinister) signifies counterclockwise arrangement of substituents around a carbon atom using the Cahn Ingold Prelog priority rules
- In mathematics,
- S may represent a sum.
- Hence, the long s is used as the integral sign.
- s often represents an arclength.
- A blackboard bold <math>\mathbb{S}</math> represents the sedenions.
- Sn is the symmetric group of order n
- S(n,m) is a busy beaver function in computability theory
- In metrology,
- s is the abbreviation for the scruple, an apothecaries' system unit of mass (℈ is also used).
- In the SI system,
- S is the symbol for siemens, the SI derived unit for electric conductance.
- s is the symbol for the second, the SI base unit for time.
- In thermodynamics,
- S stands for entropy
- In ultracentrifugation,
- S is the symbol for the Svedberg, a unit of sedimentation rate. Ex: 70S ribosome.
Similar letters and symbols
- Ŝ, ŝ — S-circumflex (used in Turkish and other languages)
- Ş, ş — S-cedilla
- Š, š — S-caron
- Ș, ș — S with comma below (used in Romanian)
- Template:IPA — S with hook (used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for voiceless retroflex fricative)
- Ṡ, ṡ — S with dot above (used in old Irish Gaelic)
- Ṣ, ṣ — S with dot below (used in Indic transliteration)
- Ṥ, ṥ — S with acute and dot above
- Ṧ, ṧ — S with caron and dot above
- Ṩ, ṩ — S with dots below and above
- Ƨ, ƨ — reversed S (used in Zhuang transliteration)
- ſ — long s
- Template:IPA — Esh (used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for voiceless postalveolar fricative)
- ∫, ∫ — the integral sign
- $ — the dollar sign
- <math>\mathrm{S}\!\!\!\Vert</math> (Cifrão) is the symbol of the former portuguese currency (Escudo). It is written with two vertical lines. The same symbol is often used as an allographic variant of the Dollar sign.
- ß — the German Eszett or "sharp s"
- Ѕ, ѕ — Cyrillic letter Dze
See also
| Latin alphabet | Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz |
|---|---|
| Modified characters | Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż |
| Alphabet extensions | Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | [[R rotunda|Template:Mufi]] | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ |
| Stylistic variants | Carolingian g | Insular g |
| edit | |
External links
ca:S sn:S cs:S da:S de:S el:S es:S eo:S fr:S gl:S ko:S hr:S id:S it:S he:S kw:S la:S hu:S nl:S ja:S no:S nn:S pl:S pt:S ro:S ru:S (буква) simple:S sl:S fi:S sv:S vi:S yo:S zh:S