S-Train
From Free net encyclopedia
The S-Train (S-tog) network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark. It connects the city center with the suburbs of Copenhagen. The first line was built in 1934. Today the network forms the heart of the public transportation infrastructure in the city, serving more than 240,000 passengers a day. It is entirely owned and run by DSB S-tog A/S.
The system is complemented by the Copenhagen Metro and an extensive bus network. Although owned by different companies, all three systems use interchangeable tickets.
In the city center, the trains run below ground level with one underground station. Outside the inner city it runs in the open, often on embankments. Although the S-trains run parallel to the regional/intercity mainline tracks between Høje Tåstrup and Klampenborg, it has its own separate trackage all the way with different signalling and power standards than the mainline tracks. A handful of track connections between S-train and mainline tracks exist but are used only in special circumstances (mostly by maintenance vehicles).
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Lines
The network is serviced by 11 lines, although many of these lines are simply variations of each other with only minor differences. Basic and + lines run every 20 minutes.
Basic lines
Basic lines run all days from 0500 until 0100.
A Hundige - Ishøj - Vallensbæk - Brøndby Strand - Avedøre - Friheden - Åmarken - Ellebjerg - Sjælør - Sydhavn - Dybbølsbro - København H- Vesterport - Nørreport - Østerport - Nordhavn - Svanemøllen - Hellerup - Lyngby - Holte - Birkerød - Allerød - Hillerød
B Høje Taastrup - Taastrup - Albertslund - Glostrup - Brøndbyøster - Rødovre - Hvidovre - Valby - Enghave - Dybbølsbro - København H - Vesterport - Nørreport - Østerport - Nordhavn - Svanemøllen - Hellerup - Bernstorffsvej - Gentofte - Jægersborg - Lyngby - Sorgenfri - Virum - Holte
C Ballerup - Malmparken - Skovlunde - Herlev - Husum - Islev - Jyllingevej - Vanløse - Flintholm - Peter Bangsvej - Langgade - Valby - Enghave - Dybbølsbro - København H - Vesterport - Nørreport - Østerport - Nordhavn - Svanemøllen - Hellerup - Charlottenlund - Ordrup - Klampenborg
E Køge - Ølby - Jersie - Solrød Strand - Karlslunde - Greve - Hundige - Ishøj - Friheden - Sjælør - København H - (calls like A) - Hillerød (Lyngby to Hillerød is only serviced in daytime between Monday and Saturday)
F Ny Ellebjerg - Vigerslev Allé - Danshøj - Ålholm - KB-Hallen - Flintholm - Grøndal - Fuglebakken - Nørrebro - Bispebjerg - Ryparken - Hellerup
H Frederikssund - Ølstykke - Gl. Toftegård - Stenløse - Veksø - Kildedal - Måløv - Ballerup - Herlev - Husum - Vanløse - Flintholm - Valby - København H - Vesterport - Nørreport - Østerport - Nordhavn - Svanemøllen - Ryparken - Emdrup - Dyssegård - Vangede - Kildebakke - Buddinge - Stengården - Bagsværd - Skovbrynet - Hareskov - Værløse - Farum
+ variations
These lines run only Monday to Friday during day times and Saturdays from 0900-1500.
A+ Køge - (calls like E) - Hundige - (calls like and A except non-stop Friheden - Sjælør) - Østerport - (calls like H) - Buddinge (Monday to Friday Køge to Buddinge, Saturday Køge to Østerport)
B+ Høje Taastrup - (calls like B) - Holte
F+ Ny Ellebjerg - (calls like F) - Hellerup - (calls like C) - Klampenborg
H+ Frederikssund - (calls like H) - Ballerup - (calls like C) - Svanemøllen - Ryparken - Emdrup - Vangede - Buddinge - Bagsværd - Værløse - Farum
x variations
There used to be special weekday rush hour "x" services on most of the radials, but most of them have been replaced by all-day "+" lines, and only a single one remains:
Ex Køge - (calls like E except non-stop Ishøj - Sjælør) - Østerport (only inwards, in the morning)
Technical overview
Image:S-tog-type2.jpgThe S-trains run on standard gauge railway tracks and are powered by overhead wires with a nominal voltage of 1500 V DC. [1] Power is drawn from the national grid through 38 converter stations spread around the network. The converter stations have to be relatively close to each other because the large currents in the overhead wires (caused by the relatively low voltage) would lead to unacceptably large transmission losses otherwise.
The primary signalling system is a fixed-block cab signalling system called HKT which transmits data to the trains through low-bandwith audio frequency induction loops between the rails. Different frequency combinations encode different target speeds; when a train enters a block with a lower target speed than its current speed it will initiate a service braking until the two match. This allows blocks to be much shorter than the full-speed braking distance, but as the braking profile is encoded in the transmitted target speed it only works where all trains have similar braking characteristics.
Image:Stog Valby.jpgLineside light signals are also provided for use in case of HKT failures or the occasional visit of a non-S-Train, but the lineside blocks are longer, so capacity in this mode is reduced. As of 2006 a few sections of the network (Lyngby - Hillerød and Flintholm - Hellerup) are not yet equipped with HKT and all movements are signalled with lineside signals.
The trains are 8-car articulated units (DSB class SA-SD) supplied by Linke-Hofmann-Busch/Siemens. The cars are shorter than conventional railway cars; each has a single axle under one end of the car; the other end is supported by the neighbouring car. (The end cars are exceptions and have two axles each). The units have automatic scharfenberg couplers at the ends; in peak hours most trains consist of two coupled units. There are also a small number of 4-car units (class SE-SH) that can run solo in low-traffic intervals.
As of 2006 there are still a number of older units in use (DSB class MM-FU-MU-FS and FC-MC-MC-FC). These are 4-car sets with the same length as a newer 8-car unit; each car has to bogies with a total of four axles. They are retired and scrapped as new units are delivered.
See also
External link
- Official Web Site (da)
- Byens puls - Traffic information including delaysda:S-tog