1934

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1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar).

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Events

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January

January 1 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
January 1 - Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring."
January 7 - First Flash Gordon comic strip is published.
January 10 - Execution of Marinus van der Lubbe
January 24 - Einstein visits White House
January 26 - The Apollo Theater opens in Harlem, New York City.
January 26 - 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact

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February

February 6 - French far right rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, an attempted coup against the Third Republic
February 9 - Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France
February 12 - The Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
February 12 to February 16 - Austrian Civil War
February 16 - Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
February 23 - Léopold III becomes King of Belgium.

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March

March 1 - Manchuria becomes Manchukuo
March 3 - John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol
March 8 - Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage
March 13 - John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson and their gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa.
March 20 - All the police forces in Germany come under command of Heinrich Himmler

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April

April 1 - Clyde Barrow and Henry Methvin kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
April 6 - Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
April 19 - Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly takes a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster.
April 22 - John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of the FBI ambush in northern Wisconsin

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May

May 7 - Pearl of Lao-Tze, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a giant clam off Palawan, Philippines
May 11 - Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
May 15 - The United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for John Dillinger.
May 15 - Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 23 - Near their hide-out in Black Lake, Louisiana, FBI men ambush bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow and fire, killing them.
May 24 - Tomás Masaryk re-elected president of Czechoslovakia
May 28 - Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Olivia and Elzire Dionne later becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.

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June

June 6 - New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
June 9 - Release of the animated short The Wise Little Hen, directed by Bert Gillett for the Silly Symphonies series, featuring the debut of Donald Duck.
June 10 - Italy beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
June 12 - Political parties banned in Bulgaria
June 14 - Max Baer defeats champion Primo Carnera for the world heavyweight boxing title.
June 27 - Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty
June 30 - The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes national camp, taken over by the SS.
June 30 - Night of the Long Knives - Nazis purge the SA

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July

July 10 - German social democrat and author Erich Mühsam killed in Oranienburg concentration camp
July 17 - Supreme court of North Dakota declares lieutenant governor of the state, Ole Olsen, the legitimate governor and tells William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him
July 19 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (1980; died in office)is born.
July 22 - Outside Chicago, Illinois's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
July 25 - Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.

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August

August 2 - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
August 19 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.

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September

September 8 - Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner Morro Castle kills 134 people.
September 19 - Soviet Union joins the League of Nations
September 21 - Typhoon in Honshu, Japan - 4000 dead
November 27 - A running gun battle between FBI agents and bank robber Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Sam Cowley, who is still able to mortally shoot Nelson.
September 28 - Afghanistan joins the League of Nations
September 28 - Trial for the custody of young Gloria Vanderbilt begins - it lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise
September 29 - Stanley Matthews makes his England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career

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October

October 2 - Tornado in Osaka and Kyoto and destroys the rice harvest - 1660 dead, 5400 injured
October 6 - Catalonian separatists rebel
October 9 - King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseille
October 16 - The Long March of Chinese communists begins

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November

November 13 - Italian government decrees that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class
November 21 - MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s - primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
November 23 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.

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December

December 1 - In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolaev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder).
December 5 - Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 14 - Female suffrage in Turkey
December 18 - Low-key fascist conference in Moreaux
December 27 - Persia becomes Iran
December 29 - Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

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Unknown dates

The sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
First Jay Gordon record is made.
The GPU becomes the NKVD.
The Maginot Line is finished.
Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.

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Births

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January

January 7 - Charlie Jenkins, American runner
January 9 - Bart Starr, American football player
January 11 - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada
January 16 - Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
January 18 - Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator
January 20 - Tom Baker, British actor
January 22 - Bill Bixby, American television actor (d. 1993)
January 24 - Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)

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February

February 5 - Hank Aaron, American baseball player
February 7 - Earl King, American musician (d. 2003)
February 10 - Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
February 11 - Tina Louise, American actress
February 11 - Mary Quant, British fashion designer
February 11 - John Surtees, British race car driver
February 12 - Bill Russell, American basketball player
February 13 - George Segal, American actor
February 14 - Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
February 14 - Florence Henderson, American television actress
February 15 - Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
February 17 - Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003)
February 17 - Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
February 20 - Bobby Unser, American race car driver
February 21 - Rue McClanahan, American actress
February 22 - Sparky Anderson, American baseball manager
February 24 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
February 24 - Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
February 27 - Ralph Nader, American consumer activist

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March

March 1 - Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d. 2005)
March 1 - Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
March 4 - Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
March 5 - Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 7 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
March 9 - Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1968)
March 9 - Del Close, American actor, improviser, writer, and teacher (d. 1999)
March 11 - Sam Donaldson, American reporter
March 13 - Barry Hughart, American author
March 14 - Paul Rader, the 15th General of The Salvation Army
March 16 - Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian Governor-General (d. 2002)
March 20 - Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
March 22 - Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
March 26 - Alan Arkin, American actor
March 31 - Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
March 31 - Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

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April

April 1 - Rod Kanehl, American baseball player (d. 2004)
April 2 - Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
April 2 - Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
April 3 - Jane Goodall, British zoologist
April 9 - Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
April 24 - Shirley MacLaine, American actress
April 25 - Peter McParland, Northern Irish footballer
April 29 - Otis Rush, American musician

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May

May 3 - Henry Cooper, British boxer
May 9 - Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
May 13 - Leon Wagner, American baseball player (d. 2004)
May 14 - Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
May 19 - Jim Lehrer, American television journalist
May 21 - Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
May 22 - Peter Nero, American pianist
May 23 - Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer
May 24 - Dr Barry Rose, British choir-trainer and organist
May 27 - Harlan Ellison, American writer
May 28 - Dionne quintuplets, world's first surviving quintuplets
May 30 - Aleksei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut

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June

June 3 - Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
June 6 - King Albert II of Belgium
June 16 - William Forsyth Sharpe, American economicst, Nobel Prize laureate
June 26 - Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965)
June 30 - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)

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July

July 1 - Jean Marsh, British actress
July 1 - Sydney Pollack, American film director
July 11 - Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
July 12 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
July 13 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
July 13 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
July 14 - John Tyndall, British politician (d. 2005)
July 15 - Harrison Birtwistle, British composer

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August

August 2 - Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut
August 4 - Dallas Green, American baseball manager and executive
August 15 - Nino Ferrer, French singer (d. 1998)
August 18 - Vincent Bugliosi, American prosecutor and author
August 18 - Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)
August 19 - Renee Richards, American transsexual physician and tennis player
August 22 - Norman Schwarzkopf, American general who led Coalition troops during Operation Desert Storm
August 23 - Sonny Jurgensen, American football player, quarterback for the Philadelphia Eagles and Washington Redskins
August 26 - Tom Heinsohn, American baseketball player, coach and broadcaster for the Boston Celtics
August 30 - Anatoli Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d. 1982)