Taiwan Province
From Free net encyclopedia
Taiwan Province (Template:Zh-tsp) can refer to an existing administrative division under the government of the Republic of China or the claimed 23rd province of the People's Republic of China.
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Taiwan Province of the Republic of China (中華民國臺灣省)
Taiwan Province (Traditional Chinese: 臺灣省, 台灣省) is an administrative subdivision of the Republic of China (ROC) that includes most of the island of Taiwan and surrounding islets, and the Pescadores. Since 1998, the provincial administration has been greatly streamlined, leaving counties and provincial cities the primary divisions in Taiwan Province. Even though the province-level municipalities of Taipei City and Kaohsiung City are on the island of Taiwan, they are not administratively part of the Province, and instead are administered directly by the ROC government. Taiwan Province also excludes Kinmen and Lienchiang Counties, which are adminstered as the ROC part of Fujian Province. The capital of Taiwan Province is Jhongsing Village.
Political divisions
Taiwan Province contains 16 counties, 5 provincial cities and 32 county-controlled cities:
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Counties |
Municipalities |
Note: The cities of Taipei and Kaohsiung are administered directly by the central government and are not part of Taiwan province, though the counties of the same name surrounding these cities are part of the province.
See also: Political divisions of the Republic of China
History
Taiwan Province was established in 1887 by the Qing Empire. Previously, the Qing Empire had administered Taiwan as part of Fujian province - as one prefecture from 1680 to 1875 and two prefectures (north and south from 1875 to 1887).
In 1895, Taiwan and the Pescadores was ceded to Japan. Under Japanese rule, the Province was abolished in favor of Japanese-style divisions. After Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers in 1945, the administration of Taiwan was transferred to the Republic of China. The ROC government did not immediately make Taiwan into a province, but put it under military occupation under Chief Executive Chen Yi. Chen was extremely unpopular and under his administration, there was an uprising known as the 228 incident. Chen was recalled in May of 1947 and governor-generalship was abolished. To assure the Taiwanese that they will be treated equally as Chinese people, the Taiwan Provincial Government was established.[1]
When the Kuomintang government fled to Taiwan in 1949, the provincial administration remained in place under the theory that the ROC was still the government of all of China even though the opposition argued that it overlapped inefficiently with the national government. As such, Taiwan is considered just one province under the Republic of China, and today, one of its legacies is Taiwanese today often say "entire province" in place of where many English speakers might use "national" or "country-wide".
Until 1992, the governor of Taiwan province was appointed by the ROC central government, and this office was often a stepping stone to higher office.
In the early 1990s, the status of Taiwan Province was reopened. The then-opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) agreed to retain the province with an elected governor in the hopes of creating a Yeltsin effect in which a popular local leader could overwhelm the national government. These hopes proved unfulfilled as then-Kuomintang member James Soong was elected governor of Taiwan by a wide margin defeating the DPP candidate Chen Ding-Nan.
In 1997, as the result of an agreement between the KMT and the DPP, the administration of the province was streamlined in curtailed constitutional changes. For example, the post of provincial governor and the provincial assembly were both abolished and replaced with a nine-member special council. Although the stated purpose was administrative efficiency, Soong and his supporters claim that it was actually intended to destroy James Soong's power base and eliminate him from political life, though it did not have this effect. In addition, the provincial legislature was abolished while the Legislative Yuan was expanded to include some of the former provincial legislators. In contrast to the past where the head of Taiwan province was considered a major official, the Governor of the Taiwan Provincial Government after 1999 has been considered a very minor position.
In 2006, after the cabinet of Premier Frank Hsieh, including Governor Lin Kuang-hua, resigned, effective January 25, the new premier Su Tseng-chang announced that he would not appoint a new governor for Taiwan Province, and will further seek to formally abolish the provincial government. The opposition Pan-Blue Alliance is expected to oppose.
Administrative history (decisions by the Executive Yuan):
- December 25, 1945:
- 8 counties of Taipei, Hsinchu, Taichung, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hualien, Taitung, and Penghu
- 9 provincial cities: Taipei, Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Changhua, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pintung.
- 2 county-controlled cities: Hualien and Yilan
- August 16, 1950:
- 16 counties: all existing ones
- 8 provincial cities: reduced Chiayi a county-controlled city
- December 1, 1951: 5 provincial cities: reduced Hsinchu, Changhua, and Pintung to county-controlled cities
- 1967: Taipei became the first Taiwanese municipality
- November 11, 1967: All county seats (originally towns) upgraded to county-controlled cities.
- 1979: Kaohsiung became the second Taiwanese municipality
- July 1, 1982: 2 new provincial cities: Hsinchu and Chiayi (approved on April 23, 1981)
List of Governors
Chief Executive (行政長官 xingzheng zhangguan):
- Chen Yi (Oct 25, 1945 - May 1947)
Temporarily part of the Executive Yuan, the position was legalized in Taiwan Province Administrative Official Public Ministry Organization Statute (臺灣省行政長官公署組織條例) of September 20, 1945.
Governors (省主席 shengzhuxi, "provincial chairperson"):
- Wey Daw-ming (May 16, 1947 - Jan 5, 1949)
- Chen Tsyr-shiou (Jan 5, 1949 - Dec 21, 1949)
- Wu Gwo-jen(Wu Kuo-chen) (Dec 21, 1949 - Apr 16, 1953)
- Yu Horng-jiun (Apr 16, 1953 - Jun 7, 1954)
- Yen Chia-kan (Jun 7, 1954 - Aug 16, 1957)
- Chow Chih-jou (Aug 16, 1957 - Dec 1, 1962)
- Huang Chieh (Dec 1, 1962 - Jul 5, 1969)
- Shien Ta-ching (Jul 5, 1969 - Jun 6, 1972)
- Shien Tung-min (Jun 6, 1972 - May 20, 1978)
- Lin Yang-kang (Jun 12, 1978 - Dec 5, 1981)
- Lee Teng-hui (Dec 5, 1981 - May 20, 1984)
- Chiu Chuang-huan (Jun 9, 1984 - Jun 16, 1990)
- Lien Chan (Jun 16, 1990 - 1993)
- James Soong (1993 - Dec 20, 1994):
- James Soong (Dec 20, 1994 - Dec 21, 1998, as Governor of the Province, 省長 shengzhang). The title "Governor" was first legally used in the Self-Governance Law for Provinces and Counties (省縣自治法) of July 29, 1994.
- Chao Shou-po (Dec 21, 1998 - May 20, 2000)
- Chang Po-ya (May 20, 2000 - Feb 1, 2002)
- Fan Kuang-chun (Feb 1, 2002 - Oct 14, 2003)
- Lin Kuang-hua (Oct 14, 2003 - Jan 25, 2006)
See also
External links
- Taiwan Provincial Government official site
- Local government structures by the Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Interior, ROC
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Taiwan Province of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国台湾省)
Taiwan Province (Simplified Chinese: 台湾省) is a term used by leaders and people from the People's Republic of China to refer to Taiwan and depending on the context (if referring to the entire Republic of China government as "provincial," as such is often the case) can provoke a bad reaction by most Taiwanese people, although those strongly favoring Chinese reunification probably do not object since "Taiwan province" is ambiguous as to whether it refers to the PRC or ROC. The PRC state press commonly uses the term "China's Taiwan province" to refer to Taiwan and "the Taiwan authority" to refer to the ROC government. The United Nations uses the term "Taiwan, Province of China" to refer to the ROC and its jurisdiction. Because of ISO English country names and code elements also refer Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China," certain web-based postal address programs also label Taiwan Island, the surrounding islets and the Pescadores as it. The PRC regards the Republic of China as a defunct (and therefore illegitimate) government replaced by the PRC in the Chinese Civil War and hence the PRC is of the opinion that the sovereignty of Taiwan Province belongs to the PRC. The PRC also does not recognize the ROC's elevation of Taipei and Kaohsiung into central municipalities. Taiwan Province is officially represented by the PRC using the borders as they were when the PRC was established in 1949, much in the same way the ROC drew maps depicting mainland borders the way they were in 1949 before the communist takeover.
Although Taiwan de facto maintains a separate government and standing military, the PRC considers Taiwan to be another province of the PRC. In the event of PRC military action, which would probably be to prevent Taiwan Independence and achieve Chinese reunification as a last resort, the PRC would consider the action to be a continuation of the Chinese civil war. As such, it would consider intervention by any third parties to be interference in China's internal affairs and would consider such actions illegal (international law forbids aiding rebels against a state, but permits aiding a state against rebels). However, since the Republic of China (on Taiwan) existed even before the People's Republic of China was established, ironically a counterargument (from the ROC perspective) can be made that the PRC is the rebel and that the ROC is the legitimate state: of course, this argument would not work if one accepts the PRC claim that the ROC government is defunct (above).
See also
| Province-level divisions administered by the People's Republic of China | Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | |||||||||||
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Template:Commonszh-min-nan:Tâi-oân-séng cs:Tchaj-wan (provincie) de:Taiwan (Provinz) ko:타이완 성 ja:台湾省 zh:台灣省