List of Turkic states and empires

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1 Historical kingdoms and empires
- 1.1 Turkic-Mongolian States
- 1.2 Turkic States in Eastern Europe
2 Modern Turkic Countries
3 See also
4 External links

Historical kingdoms and empires

The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or other dynasties. Mentioning of any particular entity in this place should not be read to mean that the entity as a whole was Turkic or even had more than a significant minority of Turkic subjects.

Xiongnu (3rd century BC-4th century AD) (disputed)
Huns (4th century-5th century) (disputed)
Gokturk State (552-744)
Bulgars (2nd-9th century) (origin of Proto-Bulgars disputed)
- Great Bulgaria (580s-635)
- Volga Bulgaria (800-1236)
Pechenegs (860-1091)
Khazars (7th-10th century)
Uyghur State (744-840)
Kypchaks
Kimeks
Saqsin
Kara-Khanid Khanate (840-1042)
Ghaznavid Empire (962-1187) (Turkish identity of the dynasty strongly disputed [1])
Khwarezm-Shahs (1097-1231) (disputed)
Seljuk Turks (1073-1307)
Karamanid (1207-1487)
Mamluks (1250-1517)
Khanate of Kazan (1438-1552)
Khanate of Astrakhan (1430s-1554)
Siberia Khanate (1430s-1576)
Qasim Khanate (15th -17th century)
Kazakhs
Khanate of Crimea (1441-1783)
Jagoldai (15th-17th century)
Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)

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Turkic-Mongolian States

Turkic-Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan (13th century)
Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) (1227-1502)
Turkic-Mongol Empire of Timur Lenk (1370-1506)
Mogul Empire in 'Hind(ustan)', i.e. the Indian subcontinent, at (or near; and succeeding he several Turkic sultanates of) Delhi; culturally more Persian (1526-1858)

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Turkic States in Eastern Europe

The Avar kingdom (origin and language of Avars disputed)
Crimean Khanate

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Modern Turkic Countries

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Nation states

Turkey (established 1923)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (established 1983 but internationally only recognised by Turkey)
various former constitutive republics of the USSR, all established at its 1991 dismembring: