Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum).

Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive and the movements of the dorsum are not very precise, velars easily undergo assimilation, shifting their articulation back or to the front depending on the quality of adjacent vowels. They often become automatically fronted, that is partly or completely palatal before a following front vowel, and retracted before back vowels.

Palatalised velars (like English /k/ in keen or cube) are sometimes referred to as palatovelars. Many languages also have labialized velars, such as Template:IPA, in which the articulation is accompanied by rounding of the lips. There are also labial-velar consonants, which are doubly articulated at the velum and at the lips, such as Template:IPA. This distinction disappears with the approximant [w], since labialization involves adding of a labial approximant articulation to a sound, and this ambiguous situation is often called labiovelar.

The velar consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:

IPA	Description	Example
IPA	Description	Language	Orthography	IPA	Meaning
Image:Xsampa-N2.png	velar nasal	English	Template:IPA Template:Bold dark red	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	ring
Image:Xsampa-k.png	voiceless velar plosive	English	sTemplate:Bold dark redip	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	skip
Image:Xsampa-g.png	voiced velar plosive	English	Template:Bold dark redet	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	get
Image:Xsampa-x.png	voiceless velar fricative	Hebrew	מיTemplate:Bold dark redאל	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	Michael
Image:Xsampa-G2.png	voiced velar fricative	Margi	Template:Bold dark redàfə́	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	arrow
Image:Xsampa-X.png	voiceless labial-velar approximant	English	Template:Bold dark redich Template:Footnote	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	which
Image:Xsampa-Mslash.png	velar approximant	Spanish	paTemplate:Bold dark redar Template:Footnote	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	to pay
Image:Xsampa-Lslash.png	velar lateral approximant	Mid-Waghi	aTemplate:Bold dark reda Template:Bold dark rede	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	dizzy
Image:Xsampa-w2.png	labial-velar approximant	English	Template:Bold dark reditch	Template:IPA Template:IPA bold dark red Template:IPA	witch

¹In dialects that distinguish between which and witch.

²Intervocalic g in Spanish often described instead as a very lightly articulated voiced velar fricative.

[edit]

Velar consonant

From Free net encyclopedia

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