Voiceless palatal fricative
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Template:Infobox IPA The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:IPA, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is C. The symbol ç is the letter c with a cedilla, as used to spell French words like façade, although the sound represented by the letter ç in either French or English orthography is not a voiceless palatal fricative, but simply Template:IPA, the voiceless alveolar fricative.
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Features
Features of the voiceless palatal fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
In English
In some dialects of English, the sequence Template:IPA is sometimes realized as the voiceless palatal fricative, via coalescence, a type of assimilation. For example, human (Template:IPA might be realized as Template:IPA). However, there are no minimal pairs for Template:IPA and Template:IPA, so the voiceless palatal fricative is not a separate phoneme in English.
In other languages
Norwegian
In Norwegian language, the sound /ç/ in written "kj" for the most time, in words like kjøkken "kichen", it is sometimes also written as "ki", in words like kirke "church".
Swedish
The sound /ç/ is written "tj" (e.g. tjej, "girl, chick") or "kj" (kjol, "skirt"). It is also the standard pronounciation of "k" in front of so-called "front" vowel : i (Kina, "China"), e (kedja, "chain"), y (kyrka, "church"), ä (källa, "source"), ö (köra, "drive").
German
German features the sound in words like ich Template:IPA "I" and is often referred to as ich-Laut and is generally an allophone of the /x/ when it follows a front vowel. Template:IPA can be found in a few words where Template:IPA would be expected, such as Frauchen Template:IPA "diminutive of woman", and so is marginally phonemic. See German phonology.
Scottish Gaelic
In Scots Gaelic, Template:IPA appears in words such as oidhche (night).
See also
Template:Consonantsde:Stimmloser palataler Frikativ fr:Consonne fricative palatale sourde ro:Consoană fricativă palatală surdă sv:Tonlös palatal frikativa wa:Ixh-låte