Timeline of scientific discoveries
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The Timeline below shows the date of publication of major scientific theories. In many cases, the discovery spanned several years. Template:HistOfScience
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BC
- 1600s BC - Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa: first known Babylonian astronomical observations
- 360s BC - Eudoxus of Cnidus: first Greek planetary models
- 350s BC - Heraclides: rotation of Earth:
- 200s BC - Eratosthenes: Measured the size of the earth, distance to the sun and to the moon.
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1200s
- 12?? - Robert Grosseteste: rudimentals of the scientific method (also: Roger Bacon)
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1300s
- 13?? - William of Ockham: Occam's Razor
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1500s
- 1543 - Copernicus: the earth revolves around the sun
- 1543 - Vesalius: human anatomy
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1600s
- 1609 - Johannes Kepler: first two laws of planetary motion
- 1610 - Galileo Galilei: Sidereus Nuncius: telescopic observations
- 1614 - John Napier: use of logarithms for calculation [1]
- 1628 - William Harvey: Blood circulation
- 1637 - René Descartes: Scientific method
- 1662 - Robert Boyle: Boyle's law of ideal gas [2]
- 1675 - Leibniz, Newton: infinitesimal calculus
- 1687 - Newton: Laws of motion, law of universal gravitation, basis for classical physics
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1700s
- 1751 - Benjamin Franklin: Lightning is electrical
- 1787 - Jacques Charles: Charles' law of ideal gas
- 1789 - Lavoisier: law of conservation of mass, basis for chemistry
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1800s
- 1805 - John Dalton (scientist): Atomic Theory in (Chemistry)
- 1827 - Amedeo Avogadro: Avogadro's law (Gas laws)
- 1824 - Carnot: 2nd law of thermodynamics
- 1827 - Georg Ohm: Ohm's law (Electricity)
- 1838 - Matthias Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
- 1843 - James Prescott Joule: Law of Conservation of energy (First law of thermodynamics), also 1847 - Helmholtz, Conservation of energy
- 1848 - Lord Kelvin: absolute zero of temperature
- 1858 - Rudolf Virchow: cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
- 1859 - Charles Darwin: Theory of evolution by natural selection
- 1865 - Gregor Mendel: Mendel's laws of inheritance, basis for genetics
- 1869 - Dmitri Mendeleev: Periodic table
- 1873 - Maxwell: Theory of electromagnetism
- 1877 - Boltzmann: Statistical definition of entropy
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1900s
- 1900 - Planck: Planck's law of black body radiation, basis for quantum theory
- 1905 - Albert Einstein: special theory of relativity, explanation of Brownian motion, and photoelectric effect
- 1906 - Walther Nernst: Third law of thermodynamics
- 1912 - Alfred Wegener: Continental drift
- 1913 - Niels Bohr: Model of the atom
- 1915 - Albert Einstein: general theory of relativity - also David Hilbert
- 1918 - Emmy Noether: Noether's theorem - conditions under which the conservation laws are valid
- 1924 - Wolfgang Pauli: quantum Pauli exclusion principle
- 1925 - Erwin Schrödinger: Schrödinger equation (Quantum mechanics)
- 1927 - Werner Heisenberg: Uncertainty principle (Quantum mechanics)
- 1927 - Georges Lemaître: Theory of the Big Bang
- 1928 - Paul Dirac: Dirac equation (Quantum mechanics)
- 1929 - Edwin Hubble: Hubble's law of the expanding universe
- 1929 - Lars Onsager's reciprocal relations: also called Fourth law of thermodynamics
- 1948 - Claude Elwood Shannon: 'A mathematical theory of communication' a seminal paper in Information theory.
- 1953 - Crick and Watson: helical structure of DNA, basis for molecular biology
- 1964 - Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson: confirming experimental evidence for the Big Bang
- 1965 - Richard Feynman: Quantum electrodynamics
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2000s
- 2001 - The first draft of the human genome is completed.
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