1865

1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday.

Years: 1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868
Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century Template:C19YearInTopic

Events

January 13 - American Civil War: The Second Battle of Fort Fisher begins when United States forces launch a major amphibious assault against the Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher.
January 15 - American Civil War: United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.

The only month in any year that might not have had a Full moon.

February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.

March 3 - The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops.
March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from Greenville, North Carolina.
March 25 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg were recovered.
March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Steadman from the Union.

April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.
April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(BASF) founded in Mannheim.
April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War.
April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof District of Ludwigshafen.
April 26
- Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
- American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina.
April 27
- The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.
- Governor of New York, Reuben Fenton, signed a bill formally creating Cornell University.

May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War of the Triple Alliance has already begun.
May 4 - American Civil War: Confederate General Richard Taylor, commanding all Confederate forces in Alabama, Mississippi, and eastern Louisiana, surrenders his forces to Union General E.R.S. Canby at Citronelle, Alabama.
May 5 - In North Bend, Ohio (a suburb of Cincinnati), the first train robbery in the United States takes place.
May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia.
May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the civil war ends with a Confederate victory.
May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War.
May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.

June 2 - American Civil War ends - Confederate forces west of the Mississippi under General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so.
June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayan navy at Riachuelo.
June 19 - American Civil War: Union Major General Gordon Granger lands at Galveston, Texas and informs the people of Texas of the Emancipation Proclamation. This event is celebrated each year as Juneteenth.
June 23 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie, a Cherokee Indian, surrenders the last significant rebel army.

July 2 - Salvation Army founded in Whitechapel, London
July 4 - Lewis Carroll publishes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
July 5
- William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).
- US Secret Service founded.
- First speed limit introduced in Britain - 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country
July 14 - The summit of the Matterhorn in the Alps is reached for the first time; four of the party of seven die in a fall during the descent.
July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.

October 11 - Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.

November 26 -Battle of Papudo; Spanish ship Covadonga captured by Chileans and Peruvians.
December 10 - Léopold II becomes King of Belgium.
December 11 - U.S. Congress created the Appropriations Committee and the Committee on Banking and Commerce. Reducing the tasks of the Committee on Ways and Means.
December 18 - Thirteenth Constitutional amendment declared ratified by three-fourths of the States of the United States. It forever abolished slavery.
December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan.