1809

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1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).

1 Events
2 Ongoing events
3 Births
4 Deaths

[edit]

Events

January 5 - Treaty of Dardanelles between Britain and France concluded
January 10 - French Marshal Jean Lannes begins the Siege of Zaragoza.
January 16 - Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of Corunna.
February 3 - Illinois Territory was created.
February 8 - Franz I of Austria declares war on France
February 11 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat.
February 20 - A decision by the Supreme Court of the United States states that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
February 20 - Siege of Zaragoza grinds to a halt as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 have been killed on both sides in 41 days of street fighting.
February 25 - A Spanish forces is defeated at the Battle of Valls in Catalonia by Marshal St Cyr.
March 4 - James Madison succeeds Thomas Jefferson as the President of the United States.
March 13 - Military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden - he is confined in the Gripsholm Castle.
March 29 - At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden. King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after a coup d'état and is later exiled.
March 29 - The Battle of Oporto ends in disaster as 18,000 Portuguese soldiers are drowned in a rout after defeat by the French under Marshal Soult and the Battle of Medellin results in massive Spanish casualties in Extremadura, when Marshal Victor's cavalry routs their army.
April 9 - Tyroleans rise against French and Bavarian occupation - they include militia lead by Andreas Hofer.
April 14 - Napoleon defeats Austrians in the Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria
April 19 - Battle of Raszyn between armies of Austria (attackers) and Duchy of Warsaw (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809). The Austrian army was defeated.
April 22 - Battle of Eckmuhl - French troops under Marshal Andre Massena beat Austrians under Archduke Karl.
May - Napoleon captures Vienna, is excommunicated, imprisons pope Pius VII.
May 5 - Mary Kies is the first American woman to be awarded a patent.
May 5 - The Swiss canton of Aargau denies Jews citizenship.
May 17 - Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French empire. When he announces Pope's secular power has ended, pope excommunicates him.
May 21 - Battle of Aspern-Essling: Austrian troops under Archduke Karl beat French under Napoleon in a hard fought battle.
May 24 - Dartmoor Prison opens, first to house French prisoners of war
June 1 - Allardyce Barclay begins a bet of walking 1 mile every hour for 1,000 hours. Each hour he walked a mile round trip from his home
June 6 - Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after authoritarian rule since 1772.
June 7 - Shoja Shah of Afghanistan signs a treaty with the British. Only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah.
July 5-6 - The massive Battle of Wagram in which Napoleon defeats the Austrians.
July 6 - French troops arrest Pope Pius VII and take him to Liguria
July 10 - French Marshal Marmont engages in the inconclusive Battle of Zniam against the Austrians.
July 28 - Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a mauch larger French force at the Battle of Talavera.
July 30 - British invasion army lands in Walcheren
August 8 - 70 disciples of Gaon of Vilnus arrive in Palestine
August 10 - Ecuador declares independence from Spain
August 11 - Severe earthquakes strike the Azores and sinks the village of São Miguel
August 11 - A poorly-generaled Spanish army was defeated by King Joseph Bonaparte's French army at the Battle of Almonacid de Toledo.
September 17 - Peace of Hamina - Peace between Russia and Sweden in the Finnish War. The territory to become the Grand Duchy of Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
September 18 - Royal Opera House opens in London
October 11 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
October 14 - Treaty of Schoenbrunn cedes Illyrian provinces to France
November 19 - A Spanish army is ridden down and 20,000 are killed by French forces at the Battle of Ocana
December 26 - British invasion force leaves Vlissingen
December 30 - Wearing masks at balls forbidden in Boston, Massachusetts
USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) is recommissioned as flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.
Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler-Poinsot solids.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining the concept of evolution.
First running of the Two Thousand Guineas Stakes horse race in England.
Miami University (Ohio) established by congressional order by George Washington.