March 25
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March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). There are 281 days remaining.
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Events
- 708 - Constantine is consecrated Pope.
- 1300 - Dante descends to the Inferno in The Divine Comedy.
- 1306 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.
- 1409 - The Council of Pisa opens.
- 1634 - The first settlers arrive in Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore).
- 1655 - Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens.
- 1655 - Protestants take control of Maryland at the Battle of the Severn.
- 1802 - The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and United Kingdom.
- 1807 - The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing slavery in the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
- 1811 - Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for his publication of the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
- 1821 - Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.
- 1857 - Phonautograph patented.
- 1865 - The "Claywater Meteorite" explodes just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg are recovered.
- 1865 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union in a bloody battle.
- 1894 - Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington D.C..
- 1901 - At the five-day "Week of Nice" race in Nice, France, Mercedes wins its first racing victory.
- 1908 - Clube Atletico Mineiro, Founded in Belo Horizonte,Brazil.
- 1911 - In New York City the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.
- 1918 - The Belarusian People's Republic was established.
- 1924 - Greece proclaims itself a republic.
- 1931 - The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
- 1939 - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli becomes Pope Pius XII.
- 1941 - Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers.
- 1947 - An explosion in a coalmine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
- 1949 - The extensive deportation campaign was conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deported more than 92,000 people from Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
- 1955 - United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" as obscene.
- 1957 - The European Economic Community is established (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).
- 1958 - Canada's Avro Arrow makes it debut flight.
- 1960 - In London, United Kingdom, Jacqueline Boyer wins the fifth Eurovision Song Contest for France singing "Tom Pillibi".
- 1965 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.
- 1969 - During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace in the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
- 1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight of Pakistan Army against East Pakistani civilians.
- 1972 - In Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Vicky Leandros wins the seventeenth Eurovision Song Contest for Luxembourg singing "Après toi" (After you).
- 1975 - Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
- 1979 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
- 1988 - The Candle demonstration in Bratislava was the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
- 1990 - In the Bronx, New York City, a fire at an illegal social club called "Happy Land" kills 87 people.
- 1992 - Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.
- 1995 - Ward Cunningham opens the first wiki, the WikiWikiWeb.
- 1996 - An 81-day-long standoff between the antigovernment group Montana Freemen and law enforcement near Jordan, Montana, begins.
- 1996 - The Labour Party is founded in Turkey.
- 1996 - The EU's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (BSE).
- 2004 - Air Holland files for bankruptcy in response to unproven allegations of marijuana abuse by their pilots.
- 2006 - A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, one of the largest crime scenes the city has ever had.
- 2006 - Protesters demanding a re-election in Belarus following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006 clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin was among several protesters arrested.
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Births
- 1252 - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)
- 1297 - Arnost of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (d. 1364)
- 1345 - Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
- 1347 - Catherine of Siena, Italian saint (d. 1380)
- 1404 (baptism) - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader (d. 1444)
- 1479 - Vasili III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
- 1539 - Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)
- 1541 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
- 1593 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1649)
- 1643 - Louis Moréri, French encylopedist (d. 1680)
- 1661 - Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
- 1699 - Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (d. 1783)
- 1767 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (d. 1815)
- 1800 - Heinrich von Dechsen, German geologist and mineralogist (d. 1889)
- 1863 - Simon Flexner, American pathologist (d. 1946)
- 1867 - Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor, (d. 1957)
- 1868 - William Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
- 1873 - Rudolf Rocker, German anarchist (d. 1958)
- 1881 - Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
- 1881 - Mary Gladys Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
- 1884 - Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
- 1886 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1972)
- 1901 - Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
- 1906 - A.J.P. Taylor, British historian (d. 1990)
- 1908 - Helmut Käutner, German actor and film director (d. 1980)
- 1908 - David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
- 1911 - Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
- 1914 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1918 - Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
- 1920 - Patrick Troughton, British actor (d. 1987)
- 1920 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner
- 1921 - Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
- 1925 - Flannery O'Connor, American author (d. 1964)
- 1926 - László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
- 1926 - Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (d. 1999)
- 1926 - Gene Shalit, American film critic
- 1928 - Jim Lovell, astronaut
- 1929 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
- 1934 - Gloria Steinem, American author
- 1935 - Flash Elorde, Filipino boxer
- 1938 - Hoyt Axton, American musician and actor (d. 1999)
- 1939 - Toni Cade Bambara, American author (d. 1995)
- 1940 - Anita Bryant, American entertainer and activist
- 1942 - Aretha Franklin, American singer
- 1942 - Richard O'Brien, English actor and writer
- 1943 - Paul Michael Glaser, American actor
- 1946 - Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
- 1946 - Maurice Krafft, French vulcanologist (d. 1991)
- 1947 - Sir Elton John, English singer, songwriter, and pianist
- 1949 - Nick Lowe, British singer, songwriter, and producer
- 1952 - Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician and politician
- 1956 - Matthew Garber, British actor (d. 1977)
- 1960 - Idy Chan Yuk-Lin, Hong Kong actress
- 1960 - Steve Norman, British saxophonist (Spandau Ballet)
- 1962 - Marcia Cross, American actress
- 1964 - Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress
- 1964 - Ken Wregget, Canadian hockey player
- 1964 - Alex Solis, Panamanian Thoroughbred Jockey
- 1965 - Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
- 1965 - Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper and president of the Bulgarian Olympic committee
- 1966 - Tom Glavine, baseball player
- 1966 - Anton Rogan, Irish footballer
- 1966 - Jeff Healey, Canadian guitarist
- 1967 - Matthew Barney, American media artist
- 1967 - Debi Thomas, American figure skater
- 1969 - Dale Davis, American basketball player
- 1971 - Cammi Granato, American hockey player
- 1974 - Lark Voorhies, American actress
- 1976 - Juvenile, American rapper
- 1976 - Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
- 1976 - Gigi Leung, Hong Kong singer and actress
- 1982 - Danica Patrick, American race car driver
- 1984 - Katharine McPhee, Season Five American Idol contestant
- 1987 - Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
- 1989 - Alyson Michalka, American actress
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Deaths
- 752 - Pope Stephen
- 1005 - King Kenneth III of Scotland (in battle)
- 1223 - King Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
- 1345 - Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, English politician (b. 1281)
- 1458 - Marqués de Santillana, Spanish poet (b. 1398)
- 1558 - Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer
- 1603 - Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1526)
- 1609 - Olaus Martini, Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala (b. 1557)
- 1620 - Johannes Nucius, German composer
- 1625 - Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (b. 1569)
- 1712 - Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)
- 1736 - Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect
- 1738 - Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
- 1751 - King Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
- 1801 - Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
- 1860 - James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
- 1914 - Frédéric Mistral, French poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
- 1918 - Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
- 1951 - Eddie Collins, baseball player (b. 1887)
- 1957 - Max Ophüls, German-born director and writer (b. 1902)
- 1958 - Tom Brown, American musician (b. 1888)
- 1969 - Max Eastman, American writer (b. 1883)
- 1975 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
- 1980 - Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
- 1980 - Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b. 1901)
- 1980 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
- 1988 - Robert Joffrey, dancer, teacher, and choreographer (b. 1930)
- 1991 - Marcel Lefebvre, French Catholic leader (b. 1905)
- 1992 - Nancy Walker, American actress (b. 1922)
- 1994 - Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1899)
- 1995 - James Coleman, American sociologist (b. 1926)
- 1995 - Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player (b. 1948)
- 1999 - Cal Ripken, Sr., baseball manager (b. 1936)
- 2000 - Helen Martin, American actress (b. 1909)
- 2002 - Kenneth Wolstenholme, British football commentator (b. 1920)
- 2006 - Buck Owens, American singer and television personality (b. 1929)
- 2006 - Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)
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Holidays and observances
- The Annunciation (Lady Day) - this date is nine months before Christmas Day.
- One of the four Irish Quarter days in the Irish calendar.
- Traditional date of the start of the new year in England and Wales, until the Calendar Act of 1752 (called Lady Day - see above).
- Maryland Day.
- Greek Independence Day.
- Freedom Day in Belarus
- Good Friday in 2005, 2016.
- International Waffle Day in Sweden.
- The date of the passing of Sauron in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Many fans celebrate this day by throwing parties.
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External links
March 24 - March 26 - February 25 - April 25 -- listing of all days
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