1780
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| Years: 1777 1778 1779 - 1780 - 1781 1782 1783 | |
| Decades: 1750s 1760s 1770s - 1780s - 1790s 1800s 1810s | |
| Centuries: 17th century - 18th century - 19th century | |
1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
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Events
- January 16 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent
- February - Armed Neutrality of the North alliance formed between Denmark, Sweden, and Russia.
- March 26 - The British Gazette and Sunday Monitor, the first Sunday newspaper in Britain
- April 16 - The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded
- May 12 - American Revolutionary War: Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces.
- May 29 - American Revolutionary War: Loyalist forces under Col. Banastre Tarleton kill surrendering American soldiers in the Waxhaw Massacre.
- August 16 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden - The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.
- September 25 – Benedict Arnold flees to British-held New York
- October 2 - American Revolutionary War: British spy John Andre is hanged by American forces.
- October 10-16 – Great hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and St. Eustatius
- November 29 - Maria Theresa of Austria dies and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II, who has already been Holy Roman Emperor since 1765.
- Britain attacks the United Provinces before it can join the Neutral Alliance, because of its support for the American uprising.
- First Epsom Derby horse race run at Epsom Downs, Surrey, England.
- Emperor Kokaku ascends to the throne of Japan
- In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an executioner (retires 1810)
- Good grain and wine harvest in France
- 35th and last volume of Diderot's Encyclopédie published
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Births
- April 29 - Charles Nodier, French author (d. 1844)
- May 21 - Elizabeth Fry, British humanitarian (d. 1845)
- June 1 - Carl von Clausewitz, Prussian military strategist (d. 1831)
- August 29 - Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, French painter (d. 1867)
- December 26 - Mary Fairfax Somerville, British mathematician (d. 1872)
- John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1862)
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Deaths
- February 14 - William Blackstone, English jurist (b. 1723)
- February 17 - Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (b. 1706)
- February 18 - Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (b. 1714)
- March 26 - Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1713)
- May 18 - Charles Hardy, British governor of Newfoundland
- June 3 - Thomas Hutchinson, American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. 1711)
- July 4 - Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (b. 1712)
- July 14 - Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
- August 3 - Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (b. 1715)
- August 29 - Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect (b. 1713)
- September 4 - John Fielding, English magistrate and social reformer (b. 1721)
- September 8 - Enoch Poor, American Revolutionary general (b. 1736)
- October 17 - William Cookworthy, English chemist (b. 1705)
- November 26 - Sir James Denham Steuart, 4th Baronet, British economist (b. 1712)
- November 29 - Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (b. 1717)
- December 26 - John Fothergill, English physician (b. 1712)
- Thomas Dilworth, British cleric and writeraf:1780
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