List of woods

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This is a list of woods, in particular those commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

See also: woods (golf clubs), forest, and the list of forests.

[edit]

Softwoods (conifers)

Araucaria
- Hoop Pine (Aus.) Araucaria cunninghamii
- Parana Pine (Brazil) Araucaria angustifolia
- Pehuén or Chile Pine Araucaria araucana
Cedar (Cedrus); also applied to a number of woods from trees in the Cypress family mainly in North America, see Redcedar, Whitecedar and Yellow-Cedar in Softwoods, and to woods from some relatives of the mahogany, see Spanish-cedar and Redcedar in Hardwoods
Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
- Bald Cypress or Southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
- Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
- Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
- Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga) (sometimes "Oregon Pine")
- Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
- Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
Fir (Abies)
- Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
- Silver Fir (Abies alba)
- Noble Fir (Abies procera)
- Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis)
Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
Kaya (Torreya nucifera)
Larch (Larix)
- European Larch (Larix decidua)
- Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
- Tamarack Larch or Tamarack (Larix laricina)
- Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)
Pine (Pinus; Many woods are incorrectly called "Pine". See Auracaria and Douglas-fir above)
- Corsican pine (Pinus nigra)
- Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
- Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta subsp latifolia)
- Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Red Pine (N.Am.) (Pinus resinosa)
- Scots Pine, Red pine (UK), Red deal (UK), Redwood (UK, obsolete) (Pinus sylvestris)
- White Pine in (N.Am.), Yellow or Weymouth pine (UK, obsolete)
  - Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
  - Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)
  - Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
- Southern Yellow pine (US)
  - Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  - Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
  - Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
  - Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
"Redcedar"
- Eastern Redcedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
- Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Rimu (New Zealand) (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Spruce (Picea)
- Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
- Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
- Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
- Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- White Spruce (Picea glauca)
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
"Whitecedar"
- Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)
- Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
"Yellow-cedar" (Nootka Cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)
Yew

[edit]

Hardwoods (angiosperms)

Afzelia (Afzelia)
Agba
Albizia (Albizia)
Alder (Alnus)
- Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
- Red alder (Alnus rubra)
Applewood or wild apple (Malus)
Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
- Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
- Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata)
- White ash (Fraxinus americana)
Aspen (Populus)
- American aspen (Populus tremuloides)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
- European aspen (Populus tremula)
Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
Basswood (Tilia americana)
Beech (Fagus)
- European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
- American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Birch (Betula)
- American birches
  - Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
  - Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
  - Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
  - Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis syn Betula lutea) - most common birch wood sold in N.Am.
- European birches, also Baltic birch (N.Am.)
  - Silver birch (Betula pendula)
  - White Birch (Betula pubescens)

Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
Bocote (Cordia alliodora)
Boxwood or Box (Buxus sempervirens)
Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
Bubinga (Guibourtia)
Buckeye (Aesculus)
- Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
- Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava)
Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
Carapa (or Andiroba, Carap, Crappo, Crabwood and Santa Maria) (Carapa guianensis) .
Catalpa (Catalpa)
Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Red cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica)
- Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
- "Brazilian Cherry" Not a Cherry See Jatoba below
Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
Cottonwood, eastern (Populus deltoides)
Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marble-wood (India) (Diospyros kurzii)
- Ebène marbre (Maritius, E. Africa) (Diospyros melanida)
Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
- English elm (Ulmus procera)
- Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
- Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra)
- Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)
- Lyptus
- Karri (W. Australia) (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
- Mahogany eucalyptus, (New South Wales) (Eucalyptus)
- Jarrah or West Australian eucalyptus (Eucalyptus marginata)
- Tasmanian oak or Mountain ash, (Eucalyptus regnans)
Greenheart (British Guiana) (Chlorocardium rodiei)
Grenadilla (Mpingo) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Gum
- Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
- Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Redgum or Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
- Tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica)
Hickory (Carya)
- Mockernut hickory (Carya alba)
- Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
- Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
Hornbeam (Carpinus species)
Hophornbeam, Eastern (Ostrya virginiana)
Ipe (Tabebuia impetiginosa)
Iroko (Milicia excelsa syn Chlorophora excelsa)
Ironwood refers to the wood of many tree species noted for the hardness of their wood. Trees commonly known as ironwoods include:
- Carpinus caroliniana — also known as American hornbeam
- Casuarina equisetifolia — Common Ironwood from Australia
- Choricarpia subargentea
- Copaifera spp.
- Eusideroxylon zwageri
- Guajacum officinale and Guajacum sanctum — Lignum vitae
- Hopea odorata
- Krugiodendron ferreum — Black Ironwood
- Lyonothamnus lyonii (L. floribundus) — Catalina Ironwood
- Mesua ferrea — also known as Rose Chestnut or Ceylon Ironwood, from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
- Olea spp. — various olive trees
- Olneya tesota — Desert Ironwood
- Ostrya virginiana — Hop hornbeam
- Parrotia persica — Persian Ironwood
- Tabebuia serratifolia — Ipe
Jacarandá, Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)
Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
Lacewood from the Sycamore(N.Am.) or Plane(UK) trees (Platanus species)
- In N.Am. also refers to Australian Silky oak
Lauan or Luan (Shorea spp.)
Laurel, California (Umbellularia californica)
Limba (Terminalia superba)
Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum)
Locust
- Black locust or Yellow locust (Robinia pseudacacia)
- Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Magnolia, cucumber (Magnolia acuminata)
Mahogany
- Mahogany (African) (Khaya spp.)
- Mahogany (West Indies or Cuban) (Swietenia mahagoni)
- Mahogany (Honduras, Central and South America) (Swietenia macrophylla)
- Mahogany (Philippine), Not a mahogany, see Lauan.
Maple (Acer)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
  - Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
  - Black maple (Acer nigrum)
- Soft Maple (N.Am.)
  - Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
  - Red maple (Acer rubrum)
  - Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
- European Maples
  - Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
  - Norway maple (Acer platanoides)
  - Field maple (Acer campestre)
Meranti (Shorea spp.)
Mpingo (Grenadilla) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Oak (Quercus)
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
  - Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
  - White oak (Quercus alba)
  - Post oak (Quercus stellata)
  - Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
  - Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
  - Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii
  - Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus or Q. montana))
  - Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
  - Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
  - Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
- English oak, also French and Slovenian oak barrels (Quercus robur and sometimes Quercus petraea)
- Red Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
  - Red oak (Quercus rubra)
  - Black oak (Quercus velutina)
  - Pin oak (Quercus pallustris)
  - Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea)
  - Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia))
  - Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
  - Water oak (Quercus nigra)
  - Willow oak {Quercus phellos)
  - Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana or Q. nuttallii)
  - Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
- "Tasmanian oak"; Not an oak see Eucalyptus above
- Australian "Silky oak"; Not an oak see Silky Oak below
Okoumé or "Gaboon" (Aucoumea klaineana)
Oregon Myrtle or California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
Pear (Pyrus communis)
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
Poplar (Populus; in N.Am., wood sold as poplar is usually Yellow-poplar — see below)
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Black poplar (Populus nigra)
- Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis)
Ramin
Redcedar (Toona ciliata)
Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)
Sal (Shorea robusta)
Sandalwood (Santalum album)
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
Sassafras (Australia) (Atherosperma moschatum)
Satinwood (Ceylon) (Chloroxylon swietenia)
Silky Oak; (Grevillea robusta); Sold as Lacewood in North America
Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Teak (Tectona grandis)
Utile (Entandrophragma utile)
Walnut (Juglans)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Persian Walnut (Juglans regia)
- Brazilian walnut; Not a walnut see Ipe above.
Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
- Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Coerulea')
- White willow (Salix alba)
Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)