Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomical objects

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"The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but one can not live in a cradle forever" ~ Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

The purpose of this wiki-project is to create, improve and standardize articles for astronomical objects, which includes notable objects that exist outside of the Earth. The templates to list basic information, along with guideline reccomendations, are given below.

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Overall footer

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Useful Templates

When filling in scientific data, you may find the following templates useful:

  • {{±|pos|neg}} which produces: Template:± used thus: 500 Template:± km. (Avoid using it in a link, though: it looks bad)
  • {{e|n}} which produces: Template:E used thus: 5.97{{e|24}} kg, which gives 5.97×1024 kg.
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Articles listed for deletion

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Planets and moons

Body name
[image of object]
Discovery
Discovered by ___name___
Discovered on ___date___
Orbital characteristics (Epoch J2000)
Semi-major axis km
(AU)
Ortbital circumference Tm (AU)
Eccentricity number
Perihelion km (AU)
Aphelion km (AU)
Orbital period d (other units, such as Julian years)
Synodic period d (a)
(w/respect to Earth)
Avg. orbital speed km/s
Max. orbital speed km/s
Min. orbital speed km/s
Inclination (to Ecliptic) °
(° to Sun's equator)
Longitude of the
ascending node 		decimal ° (° ' ")
Argument of the
perihelion 		decimal ° (° ' ")
Satellites number
Satellite of planet (only for Moons)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter km (axis × axis × axis for ellipsoids)
Equatorial diameter km (Earth units)
Polar diameter km (Earth units)
Oblateness number
Surface area km2 (Earth units)
Volume km3 (Earth units)
Mass kg (Earth units)
Mean density g/cm3
Surface gravity m/s2 (gees)
Escape velocity km/s
Rotation period d (h)
Rotation velocity km/h (m/s) (at the equator)
Obliquity °
Right ascension
of North pole 		° (h min s)
Declination °
Albedo number
Surface temperature
min mean max
nnn K nnn K nnn K
Atmospheric characteristics
Pressure kPa
most common %
next-most-common %
etcetera %

This page is where work is being done to come up with a generic table template to be used for organizing a list of facts about various astronomical bodies such as planets, natural satellites, and maybe also smaller bodies such as asteroids and comets (though I suspect that both asteroids and comets will be better served by having their own template design).

Most of these entries should be measured in SI units. Some of them, however, should have more "human-accessible" units, in addition to SI units. I've indicated some cases with a second unit name in brackets. In the case of times (orbital periods, rotation), I think it best to give all periods in days for comparison purposes, and provide a translation (in parentheses) into years, days, hours, etc.; whatever is most appropriate for the duration being described.

Oh, and compared to table templates for things like the elements, I think that this template should be considered somewhat more flexible. Moons with no atmosphere whatsoever could skip the atmospheric composition section entirely, for example (though atmospheric density would still be listed). Moons also wouldn't have their orbital radii listed in AU, since AUs are such large units. For planets, use "perihelion" and "aphelion" instead of "periapsis" and "apoapsis."

In the case of "number of moons" and "is a moon of", only one of these rows will be used by any given object. There aren't any moons with moons (yet), though perhaps "co-orbital with" might be a useful row to add in a few cases.

A set of colours for use in the 2-column headers of this table:

rocky terrestrial body Transition metal color from the periodic table; rocky planets have lots of metals compared to the icy ones. Also, red is a "warmer" color than green, which fits the distribution of rocky and icy planets in the solar system.
icy terrestrial body green contrasts nicely with the pink of rocky planets. Also, on the periodic table, it's the color of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and other common components of outer-solar-system ice.
gas giant body blue skies, and noble gases on the periodic table (including helium, which is only found in large quantities on gas giants. It escapes from smaller planets). Also, two out of four gas giants prefer the cool soothing color of blue.

On orbital characteristics: The orbital circumference should be computed from the semi-major axis using Ramanujan's approximation for ellipses. The ratio of that circumference to the period then gives the average orbital speed. The minimum and maximum speeds follow from Kepler's laws: <math>v_{max} = 2\pi a^2 \frac{\sqrt{1-e^2}}{T a (1-e)}</math> and <math>v_{min} = 2\pi a^2 \frac{\sqrt{1-e^2}}{T a (1+e)}</math>. Note that, by convention, all orbital parameters are given in the primocentric reference system (heliocentric for the planets).

On physical characteristics: The surface area and volume of non-spherical objects (e.g. moonlets, asteroids) must use the proper ellipsoid formulae, because even slight departures from sphericity will make a large difference, particularly for the area.

On the subject of obliquity: Obliquity is the angle between the object's axis of rotation and the normal to the plane of its orbit. Do not confuse this with the Tilt listed in the JPL pages, which is a measure of the angle between the local Laplace plane and the primary's equatorial plane. In fact, most inner moons have synchronous rotations, so their obliquities will be, by definition, zero. Outer moons simply have not been seen from close up enough to determine their true obliquities (although Phoebe, recently seen by the Cassini probe, is an exception; see Talk:Phoebe (moon) for the derivation of its obliquity).


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Conversion log

Still to be done:

Done:


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Planet Template

Template:Planet Template: Template:Tl

The above fields need incorporating into this template.

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Footers

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Useful sources

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Minor planets (asteroids, comets, Kuiperoids, etc)

Template:Tl Template:Tl

Template:Minor planet

Template:Minor Planet

The example on the far right is the recommended table format for minor planets —note the recommended unit links. It is generated by the Template:Tl template. The template has an optional astron argument whose default value is helion; this allows its use to describe asteroid moons, as in the [[S/2000 (1998 WW31) 1|S/2000 (Template:Mp) 1]] example.

Urhixidur wrote a nifty Windows tool that can greatly facilitate preparation of these. The most recent version can be downloaded from http://www.bigfoot.com/~D.U.Thibault (at the bottom of the page, under the heading "Delphi 7 and Wikipedia").

A more compact form of this with just the orbital elements is on the near right Template:Tl (note the lower case 'p'). The two are incompatible at the moment, something which Nicholas intends to fix one day.

A few short-hand templates are useful when dealing with asteroids with provisional designations. They are Template:mp, Template:mpl, and Template:mpl-. Mpl ("minor planet link") is used to write a link, like so {{mpl|(15874) 1996 TL|66}} = Template:Mpl, whilst mp ("minor planet") saves you from typing <sub></sub> if you'd rather not: {{mp|(15874) 1996 TL|66}} = Template:Mp. Mpl- is used with numbered asteroids that have kept (so far) their provisional designations: {{mpl-|15760|1992 QB|1}} = Template:Mpl- instead of Template:Mpl.

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Footers

Particularly useful are Template:Tl and Template:Tl. Scroll down beyond the table to the right to see examples of these. Template:MinorPlanets Navigator

The minor planetsedit
Vulcanoids | Near-Earth asteroids | Main belt | Jupiter Trojans | Centaurs | Damocloids | Comets | Trans-Neptunians (Kuiper belt · Scattered disc · Oort cloud)
For other objects and regions, see: asteroid groups and families, binary asteroids, asteroid moons and the Solar system
For a complete listing, see: List of asteroids. See also Pronunciation of asteroid names and Meanings of asteroid names.
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Comets

Template:Comet As discussed above, comets might be served better by a different template. Here is a suggestion for Template:Tl we can toy with until we are happy with it. Awolf002 00:23, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Template:PeriodicComets Navigator

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Stars

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Starbox tree

{{Starbox begin | name = Rigil Kentaurus }} {{Starbox image | image=Image:Position Alpha Cen.png | caption=The position of Alpha Centauri. }} {{Starbox observe | epoch = J2000 | constell = Centaurus | ra = 14h 39m 36.5s | dec = -62° 50′ 2.72″ | appmag_v=0.01 }} Template:Starbox character Template:Starbox astrometry {{Starbox detail | age=5-6 × 109 | metal=130-230% Sun | mass=1.10/0.91 | radius=1.23/0.87 | rotation=? | luminosity=1.57/0.51 | temperature=5,800/5,300 }} Template:Starbox visbin Template:Starbox catalog Template:Starbox end This table is composed of the following sub-templates:

References: [1] [2] [3]

Template:Clear

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Short star template

Template:Starbox short

This template is for stubby star articles, and should be replaced with the full template when the article is expanded. Template:Clear


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Footers

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Extrasolar planets

{{Extrasolar Planet | name = TrES-1 | image = Image:TrES-1.jpg TrES-1 | semimajor = 0.0393 (± 0.0007) | eccentricity = 0.135 (± 0.096) | period = 3.030065 (± 0.000008) | inclination = 88.2 (± 1) | long_peri = ? | t_peri = 2,453,186.8060 (± 0.002) | mass = 0.61 (± 0.06) | radius = 1.08 | density = ? | temperature = 1,060 (± 50) | discoverers = Alonso et al. | discovery_date = 2004 }}

Template:Clear

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Supernovae

{{Supernova | name = SN 1987A | image = Image:Supernova-1987a.jpg 1987A supernova remnant near the center | epoch = J2000.0 | type = IIp (unusual) | SNRtype = unknown | host = Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) | constellation = Dorado | ra = 05h 35m 49.942s (1950) | dec = −69° 17′ 57.60″ (1950) | gal = unknown | discovery = 24 February 1987 (23:00 UTC) | iauc = [4] | mag_v = +3 | progenitor = Sanduleak −69° 202 a | progenitor_type = B3 supergiant | b-v = +0.085 | notes = The closest recorded sn.
since invention of telescope }}

Template: Template:Tl

This is a table template that should be used for supernovae. It automatically assigns the article to Category:Supernovae.

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Star Clusters

Template:Cluster Template: Template:Tl

Sample table for M22. Please modify and improve as needed.

The template is for open and globular clusters.

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Galaxies

{{Galaxy | name = M109 | image = Image:Messierobject109.jpg CCD image of M109 | epoch = J2000.0 | type = SB(s)bc | ra = 11h 57.6m 36.0s | dec = +53° 23' 28" | z = +0.003496 | dist_ly = 41 million ly | appmag_v = +9.8 | size_v = 7.6' × 4.9' | constellation name = Ursa Major | radius_ly = 65,000 ly | absmag_v = 13.4 | notes = Possible Milky Way-twin,
Bar at the center | names = NGC 3992, UGC 6937 }}

Template: Template:Tl

This example table should be edited and used for galaxies.

Notes: Please see List of galaxies to find galaxies that do not yet have infoboxes/factsheets.
Please categorise your galaxy in a subcategory of Category:Galaxies

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Galaxy cluster

{{Galaxy cluster | name = Stephan's Quintet | image = Image:Stephan'sQuintet.jpg Stephan's Quintet, with NGC 7319 (bottom right),
NGC 7320 (top right),NGC 7318A and 7318B (center),
and NGC 7317 (top left) | type = Galaxy group | distance = 300 million | constellation = Pegasus | member_no = 5 | main_member = NGC 7320 | names = HGC 92 }}

Template: Template:Tl

This example table should be edited and used for galaxy groups, clusters, clouds, and superclusters.

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Types

  • Compact galaxy...: in a small setting (possibly colliding)
  • Loose galaxy...: separated (sometimes in several constellations)
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Nebulae

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Planetary Nebulae

Template:Planetary nebula Template: Template:Tl

This example should be copied and used for all planetary nebulae. See List of planetary nebulae for articles on planetary nebulae. Please place new planetary nebulae on this list, and categorize in Category:Planetary nebulae, the category of its constellation, and the category of its catalog (ex:Category:Messier objects).

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Diffuse Nebulae

Template:Diffuse nebula

Template: Template:Tl

This example should be copied and used for all diffuse nebulae. See List of diffuse nebulae for articles on ddiffuse nebulae. Please place new diffuse nebulae on this list, and categorize in Category:Diffuse nebulae, the category of its constellation, and the category of its catalog (ex:Category:Messier objects).

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Dark Nebulae

Template:Dark nebula

Template: Template:Tl

Currently (2005) there are only two dark nebulae on Wikipedia, see List of dark nebulae.

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Useful links

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Participants

In alphabetical order:

  • AMcWhatever I can do to help...
  • Ardric47 I am by now probably a de facto minor participant, having done some lists and things with sourcing.
  • Awolf002. Count me in! Up to now I just worked on biographies (crater eponyms) and this project looks good.
  • Chaos syndrome. Looks like I'm in, since I'm mostly working on extrasolar planets already.
  • Eric Forste (talk) I feel as if this is the first wikiproject I've joined, so I'm gonna sign my name to it. All y'all that got this thing started up could go ahead and sign yours above mine (or we could just follow the alphabetical convention). Right now I'm working in a sandbox on adding the infobox to Proteus and then I'll be working on Nereid if no one beats me to it.
  • Eurocommuter Contributing to trans-Neptunian-related articles, especially with diagrams and solid references (but offering arXiv preprints).
  • Hurricane Devon ( Talk ) I'll do galaxies and exoplanets.
  • JamesHoadley (talk) It seems I'm helping out at the moment, so I may as well put my name down. Mostly I work on solar system planets and moons, deep sky stuff (nebulae, galaxies) and spacecraft (not in this topic).
  • Nicholas. I'm here too.
  • shaggy Mostly working on cleaning up articles on trans-Neptunian objects and centaurs. Also, creating articles for notable TNOs and centaurs.
  • siafu Working on maintaining the pages on the planets recently.
  • Uber nemo (talk). I'll sign my name alphabetically. I am currently working on galaxy stubs and infoboxless articles.
  • Urhixidur (talk). I've been banging away at asteroids, mostly.
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Pages needing attention

Template:Wikipedia:Pages needing attention/Mathematical and Natural Sciences/Astronomyfr:Wikipédia:Projet/Objets de l'Univers ja:Wikipedia:ウィキプロジェクト 天体 ru:Википедия:Проект:Астрономические Объекты

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