Sunnyvale, California
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{{Infobox City
|image_skyline = Murphystreetsunnyvale.jpg
|official_name = City of Sunnyvale, California
|image_seal = SunnyvaleCitySeal.jpg
|image_map = SunnyvaleCALM.GIF
|map_caption = Location of Sunnyvale within Santa Clara County, California.
|subdivision_type = Country
State
County
|subdivision_name = United States
California
Santa Clara
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Ron Swegles
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_total = 58.6
|area_land = 55.8
|area_water = 1.8
|population_as_of = 2000
|population_total = 131,760
|population_density = 2,318.7
|timezone = PST
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|latitude = 37°22'19" N
|longitude = 122°1'34" W
|website = http://www.sunnyvale.ca.gov/
|footnotes =
}}
Sunnyvale (Template:IPA2) is a city located in Santa Clara County, California. It is one of the major cities that make up the Silicon Valley. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 131,760.
The city is bordered by the San Francisco Bay to the north, Mountain View to the west, Santa Clara to the east, and Cupertino to the south. It lies along the historic El Camino Real and Highway 101.
Sunnyvale is headquarters to several high-tech companies such as Palm, Inc., AMD, Network Appliance, Sandisk, and Yahoo!. Honeywell and Lockheed Martin also have offices in Sunnyvale. Sunnyvale is also the home to Onizuka Air Force Station (commonly called "the blue cube"), the only active military base in the San Francisco Bay Area. The base - which is named after Ellison Onizuka - is the United States armed forces primary artificial satellite control facility.
Sunnyvale is one of the few U.S. cities to have a single unified Department of Public Safety where all personnel are trained as firefighters and police officers and can respond to emergencies in either capacity.
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Geography
Sunnyvale is located at Template:Coor dms (37.368767, -122.037055)Template:GR.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 58.6 km² (22.6 mi²). 55.8 km² (21.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.8 km² (0.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.05% water.
History
When the Spanish first arrived in the 1770s at the Santa Clara Valley, it was heavily populated by the Ohlone. In 1777, Mission Santa Clara was built by Ohlone converts to Christianity.
In 1842, Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas was granted to Estrada and Inez Castro. Portions of the land given in this grant later developed into the cities of Mountain View and Sunnyvale. Two years later, in 1844, another land grant was provided to Lupe Yñigo, one of the few Native Americans to hold land grants. His land grant was first called Rancho Posolmi, named in honor of Posolmi village of the Ohlone that once stood in the area. Rancho Posolmi was later known as Rancho Ynigo.
In 1844, Martin Jr. and Mary Murphy left Missouri and traveled by wagon along the California Trail to successfully cross the Sierra Nevada. In 1850, Martin Murphy Jr. bought a piece of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas for $12,500. Murphy established a wheat farm and Bay View. Murphy had the first frame house, which was shipped from New England, in Santa Clara County built. When he died in 1884, his land was divided among his heirs.
In 1860, The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad agreed to use Murphy Station and was allowed to lay tracks on Bay View. Lawrence Station was later established on the southern edge of Bay View.
In the 1870s, county property tax laws, imports and soil degradation caused wheat farming to become uneconomical in Santa Clara County. Small fruit orchards replaced the large wheat farms. In 1871, James and Eloise Dawson established the first fruit cannery in Santa Clara County. Fruit agriculture and canning soon became a major industry in the county. The invention of the refrigerated rail car further increases the viability of an economy based upon fruit. The fruit orchards become so prevalent that in 1886, the San Jose Board of Trade calls Santa Clara County the "Garden of the World".
In the 1880s, Chinese workers made up 48% of the farm labor in Santa Clara County. This percentage reduced over time after the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed. In the following decade, the 1890s multitudes of immigrants from Italy, the Azores, Portugal and Japan arrived to work in the orchards.
In 1897, Walter Everett Crossman bought 200 acres (809,000 m²) and began selling real estate. He advertised the area as Beautiful Murphy. Later, in the 1900s, real estate developer Walter Crossman described it as "the City of Destiny".
Also in 1897, Encina school opened as the first school in Murphy. Previously, children in the town had to travel to Mountain View for school.
In 1901, the residents of Murphy were informed they could not use the names Encinal or Murphy for their post office. They decided to use the name Sunnyvale for the name of their town.
Sunnyvale continued to grow and in 1904, dried fruit production began. In 1906, Joshua Hendy Ironworks relocated to Sunnyvale. The ironworks was the first non-agricultural industry in the town. Joshua Hendy Ironworks switched from producing mining equipment to other products such as marine steam engines. In this same year, Libby, McNeill & Libby, a Chicago meat-packing company, decided to open its first fruit packing factory in Sunnyvale. Today, a water tower painted to resemble the first Libby's fruit cocktail can label identifies the former site of the factory.
In 1912, the residents of Sunnyvale voted to incorporate.
Fremont High School first opened in 1925.
In 1930, Congress decided to place the West Coast dirigible base in Sunnyvale. This naval airstation was later renamed Moffett Federal Airfield.
In 1939, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the forerunner of NASA) began research at Ames Laboratory.
During World War II, the war economy began a change from the fruit industry to the high-tech industry in Santa Clara County. Joshua Hendy Ironworks built marine steam engines, naval guns and rocket launchers to aid in the war effort. As the defense industry grew, a shortage of workers in the farm industry was created. Immigrants from Mexico came to Sunnyvale to fill this void of workers.
Following the war, the fruit orchards were cleared away to build homes, factories and offices. In 1956, the aircraft manufacturer Lockheed moved its headquarters to Sunnyvale. In 1969, AMD was founded and based in Sunnyvale.
Telephony history and numbering plan
With the roll out of dial service, Sunnyvale telephone numbers started with REgent. As the North American Dialing Plan evolved in the 1950s, these became today's 73x-numbers. An exception was the 245-prefix which has served the area since the 1960s. Since the introduction of area codes, the city has been in (408).
Until the electromechanical crossbar switches were junked in the 1980s, Western Electric Number 1 and Number 5 Crossbar switches completed calls for Sunnyvale subscribers. For SNVA01, 245-, 736-, 738-, and 739-numbers were in marker group 0 while 732-, 733-, 735-, and 737-numbers were in marker group 100. Marker group 0 was believed to be a Number 1 Crossbar while marker group 100 was believed to be a Number 5.
Sunnyvale is on the sourth border of present day area code (650). The peninsula area code (650) was formerly part of (415). Until the late 1970s, there was permissive dialing between (408) and (415). To call Mountain View, one dialed the seven digit number. At the time, the entire East Bay, peninsula, and on to Marin County was in area code (415). Phone numbers were not duplicated across (415) and (408), so subscribers could dial seven-digit San Francisco or Berkeley numbers without dialing an area code and the call would go through. In present-day Sunnyvale, there are a few cases where neighbors must dial an area code to call a neighbor across the street.
Demographics
Image:Cityofsunnyvalesign.jpgAs of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 131,760 people, 52,539 households, and 32,679 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,318.7/km² (6,006.5/mi²). There were 53,753 housing units at an average density of 946.0/km² (2,450.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 53.27% White, 2.22% African American, 0.46% Native American, 32.27% Asian, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 7.19% from other races, and 4.25% from two or more races. 15.48% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 52,539 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 41.3% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 105.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $74,409, and the median income for a family was $81,634. Males had a median income of $65,165 versus $43,051 for females. The per capita income for the city was $36,524. 5.4% of the population and 3.7% of families were below the poverty line. 5.5% of those under the age of 18 and 5.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Facts and trivia
- Sunnyvale is a subject of interest for Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel fans, as "Sunnydale" is the name of the show's fictional town. One of the show's authors even created a faux website that gave Sunnydale the same ZIP Code as Sunnyvale.
- A long standing legend of Sunnyvale is of a ghost that haunts the town's Toys 'R' Us store.
- Teri Hatcher (actress on Desperate Housewives and Lois and Clark TV show) was born and raised in Sunnyvale. She attended Sunnyvale Middle School and Fremont High School.
- Brian Boitano (Olympic figure skater) is from Sunnyvale.
- Sunnyvale is ranked as the 18th safest city in the US, according to the Morgan Quitno Awards
- On May 4, 1998, Sunnyvale was hit by a freak F2 tornado, causing significant property damage. In addition to being one of few tornadoes to touch down in the San Francisco Bay Area -- much less in a populated area -- it was atypical in that it exhibited anticyclonic rotation.
See also
External links
- City of Sunnyvale
- The Sunnyvale Collection - a timeline of local area history
Template:Cities of Santa Clara County, California
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