Crayola

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Image:Crayola logo.png Image:Stamp-ctc-crayola-crayons.jpg

Crayola is a brand of crayons and other writing and drawing utensils, such as markers, chalk, and colored pencils manufactured by Binney & Smith Inc.

It is primarily popular in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

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History

Crayola Crayons were invented by cousins Edwin Binney and C. Harold Smith. The first box of crayons sold for a nickel, was produced in 1903 and contained eight colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, and black. The word "Crayola" was formed by the wife of Edwin Binney, Alice Binney, who combined the French word for chalk (craie) with "ola" from the word oleaginous, meaning oily.

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Timeline

A timeline of Crayola's history:

  • 1864: Joseph Binney founds Peekskill Chemical Works in upstate New York for producing carbon black.
  • 1880: Joseph Binney sets up headquarters in New York City, joined by son Edwin Binney and nephew C. Harold Smith.
  • 1885: Joseph Binney retires; Edwin and C. Harold Smith, form a partnership and call their company Binney & Smith. Early products include red oxide pigment used in barn paint and carbon black used for car tires. During this time, Binney & Smith took an active role in the development and production of carbon black from natural gas, after natural gas deposits were found throughout Pennsylvania.
  • 1900: The company begins producing slate school pencils in its newly opened Easton, Pennsylvania mill. Their carbon black wins the Gold Medal at the Paris Exposition.
  • 1902: "Binney & Smith Company" is formed September 30, in Easton, Pennsylvania, and serves as general distributor for several carbon black producers, introducing carbon black to other countries. This also marks their first crayon product, the industry crayon "Staonal" in black. This crayon precedes the Crayola brand by a full year and still exists today.
  • 1903: Noticing a need for safe, quality, and affordable wax crayons, the company produces the first box of eight Crayola crayons containing red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, and black sticks. It sells for a nickel. The Crayola name, coined by Edwin Binney's wife Alice, comes from craie, the French word for chalk, and ola, from oleaginous.
  • 1904: Binney & Smith wins the Gold Medal during the April 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair. Their entry was actually for their An-Du-Septic dustless chalk, but it was the foundation of their "Gold Medal" packaging in which they featured the gold medal on the front of their crayon boxes for the next 50 or so years. Given that this award wasn't given out until April 1904 and Crayola had been selling since August 1903, it is a misconception that the famous box shown on the postage stamp and in numerous other historical articles and web pages is "the" actual first design of their Crayola boxes because the box shown in all of those pictures has that Gold Medal on the front.
  • 1904-1906: Contrary to all web and printed documentation, the Rubens Crayons for Art Students line was actually introduced right from the beginning. There is authenticated evidence of this from a 1906 magazine advertisement.
  • 1912: Binney & Smith's carbon black is first used on tires to make black tires.
  • 1920: Perma Pressed Sharpenable Fine Art Crayons are added to the growing product line, which also includes new Artista brand paints.
  • 1923: Corporate offices move from 81-83 Fulton St. to 41 East 42nd Street in NYC
  • 1936: Binney & Smith becomes a founding member of the Crayon, Watercolor, and Craft Institute, promoting product safety in art materials.
  • 1948: To educate art teachers about the many ways to use the growing number of Crayola products, a teacher workshop program begins to offer in-school training across the country. Crayola also first releases its first 48-count box this year.
  • 1952: A Binney & Smith factory in Winfield, Kansas opens to handle the company's growing business.
  • 1955: Binney & Smith incorporates and changes their packaging from "Binney & Smith Co." to "Binney & Smith Inc."
  • 1958: The 64-color assortment of Crayola crayons—with a built-in sharpener—debuts.
  • 1959: The first Crayola TV ads appear during the children's TV show Ding Dong School
  • 1961: Binney & Smith becomes a publicly held company.
  • 1962: The color "Flesh" is renamed "Peach".
  • 1963: Binney & Smith becomes a member of the American Stock Exchange on May 1, with the symbol: BYS.
  • 1964: Crayola acquires Permanent Pigments Inc., producers of Liquitex art materials.
  • 1969: The company opens an additional factory in Easton, Pennsylvania, followed five years later by a new corporate headquarters.
  • 1976: Binney & Smith corporate headquarters relocate from New York City to Forks Township in Easton, Pennsylvania.
  • 1977: Binney & Smith buys Silly Putty
  • 1978:
    • Binney & Smith is listed on the New York Stock Exchange on June 19, with the symbol: BYS.
    • Crayola crayons celebrate their 75th anniversary, and Crayola markers are introduced. Craft and activity kits become a vital part of the company's business.
  • 1979: All children's product lines are repackaged to carry the Crayola trade name and all fine art materials are repackaged to carry the Liquitex trade name.
  • 1980: A private distributorship in Australia is purchased to form Binney & Smith (Australia) Pty. Ltd. to market and distribute finished Crayola products.
  • 1984:
  • 1987: Crayola introduces washable markers. Crayola colored pencils also arrive. They also add their 1-800-CRAYOLA toll free number to all packaging.
  • 1990: Eight Crayola crayons—maize, raw umber, lemon yellow, blue gray, orange yellow, orange red, green blue, and violet blue—are retired into the Crayola Hall of Fame in Easton, Pennsylvania. Emerson Moser, then Crayola's most senior crayon moulder, also retired after 37 years. After moulding approximately 1.4 billion crayons, he revealed that he is actually color blind.
  • 1991: Binney & Smith offers the eight retired Crayola crayon shades, along with a 64-box, in the Crayola Collector's Colors Tin for a limited time. Crayola Washable crayons are introduced.
  • 1992: Crayola introduces Model Magic, a modeling compound, into its long line of products.
  • 1993: Binney & Smith celebrates the Crayola brand's 90th birthday with its biggest crayon box ever—it holds 96 crayons, including 16 new colors. For the first time, the company asks consumers to name the colors through the Crayola Name The New Colors Contest.
  • 1994: Crayola introduces a scented version of crayons called Magic Scents Crayons.
  • 1996:
    • The 100 billionth Crayola crayon rolls off the production line in Easton.
    • On July 16, Binney & Smith celebrates the grand opening of The Crayola Factory visitors' center in Easton with the Crayola ColorJam parade.
  • 1998: The Crayola 64 Box is reintroduced in its original packaging, complete with builtin sharpener. A 1958 Crayola 64 Box becomes part of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History.
  • 1999: For only the third time in Crayola history a crayon is renamed. Indian red becomes "chestnut." (The name in fact did not refer to Native Americans, but to a pigment produced in India and used in oil paints.)
  • 2000:
  • 2003:
    • The Crayola brand celebrates its 100th birthday. Four new colors of the next century were introduced and named by crayon fans: "inch worm," "mango tango," "wild blue yonder" and "jazzberry jam!"
    • To make room for these new shades, some old favorites get pink slips: blizzard blue, magic mint, mulberry and teal blue. Burnt sienna gets to stay in the box, thanks to more than 60,000 crayon aficionados who voted to "save the shade." The newly-retired shades join eight other veterans -- including blue gray (needs RGB in color list), raw umber (needs RGB in color list), lemon yellow (needs RGB in color list), and maize (needs RGB in color list) -- in the company's Crayola Centennial tins.
    • The World's Largest Crayon was unveiled at Crayola's 100th Birthday party in Easton, Pennsylvania, on Oct. 11. Breaking the old Guinness record of 10 feet, the World's Largest Crayola Crayon weighed in at 1,500 lbs., 15 feet high, 16 inches wide, in America's favorite color -- blue.
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Crayola colors

Template:Main1 Image:Crayola 24pack 2005.jpg

Crayola crayon packs have come in a variety of sizes from 2 crayons up to 800 for the bulk boxes. The colors contained in a package have ranged from 2 up to 200 (although a 200 color package includes "special effect" crayons such as glitters or neons, etc.). In general, though, the most common packages are multiples of eight: 8, 16, 24, 32, (40), 48, (56), 64, 72, 80, (88), 96, (104), (112), and 120 packs. The 120 pack is sometimes a package composed of two 48 pack containers and a 24 pack container. The most important Crayola crayon colors are the ones that come in the smaller packs since these are most prevalent.

Here are the colors in the 8, 16, and 24 packs as of 2005:

8 pack +8 = 16 pack +8 = 24 pack
Black Blue Green Apricot
Blue Blue Violet Cerulean
Brown Carnation Pink Dandelion
Green Red Orange Gray
Orange Red Violet Green Yellow
Red White Indigo
Violet (purple) Yellow Green Scarlet
Yellow Yellow Orange Violet Red
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External links

simple:Crayola

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