Hunza
From Free net encyclopedia
- This page is about the town of Hunza in northern areas of Pakistan. Hunza is also the Muisca name of the city of Tunja located in Colombia.
Hunza (Urdu: ہنزہ) is a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south, the former princely state of Nagar to the east, China to the north and Afghanistan to the northwest. The state capital was the town of Baltit (also known as Karimabad). The area of Hunza now forms the Aliabad tehsil of Gilgit District.
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History
Hunza was an independent principality for 900 years. The British gained control of Hunza and the neighbouring valley of Nagar between 1889 and 1892. The Tham (Chief) of Hunza escaped to China.
The British retained Hunza's status as a 'principality' until 1947. According to Habib R. Sulemani, the people of Hunza were ruled by a local Mir for more than 900 years, which came to an end in 1974.
Although never ruled directly by neighbouring Kashmir, Hunza was a vassal of Kashmir from the time of Maharaja Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir. The Mirs of Hunza sent an annual tribute to the Kashmir Durbar until 1947, and along with the ruler of Nagar, was considered to be among the most loyal vassals of the Maharaja of Kashmir.
Image:Hunza valley.jpg Image:Rakaposhi 3.jpg
Government
The state was governed by hereditary rulers who took the title Mir (ruler) and were assisted by a council of Wazirs or Ministers. Details for early rulers are uncertain with the first definite dates available from 1750 CE onwards.
| Reign | Mirs of Hunza |
|---|---|
| Uncertain dates | Salim Khan II |
| Uncertain dates | Shah Sultan Khan |
| 1710 - uncertain date | Shahbaz Khan |
| Uncertain dates | Shahbeg Khan |
| ~1750 - 1790 | Shah Kisro Khan |
| 1790 | Mirza Khan |
| 1790 - 1825 | Salim Khan III |
| 1825 - 1864 | Ghazanfur Khan |
| 1864 - 1886 | Mohammad Ghazan Khan I |
| 1886 - 15 September 1892 | Safdar Ali Khan |
| 15 September - 22 July 1938 | Mohammad Nazim Khan |
| 22 July 1938 - ? 1946 | Mohammad Ghazan Khan II |
| ? 1946 - 25 September 1974 | Mohammad Jamal Khan |
| 25 September 1974 | State of Hunza dissolved |
Geography
The Hunza valley is situated at an elevation of 2,438 metres (7,999 feet). For many centuries, Hunza has provided the quickest access to Swat and Gandhara for a person traveling on foot. The route was impassable to baggage animals; only human porters could get through, and then only with permission from the locals.
Hunza was easily defended as the paths were often less than half a metre (about 18") wide. The high mountain paths often crossed bare cliff faces on logs wedged into cracks in the cliff, with stones balanced on top. They were also constantly exposed to regular damage from weather and falling rocks. These were the much feared "hanging passageways" of the early Chinese histories that terrified all, including several famous Chinese Buddhist monks.
Image:A Hunza Rajah and Tribesmen.jpg
Climate
The temperature in May is maximum 27 C (81 F) and minimum 14 C (57 F) and Octber maximum is 10 C (50 F) and 0 C (32 F). Hunza's tourist season is from May to October, because in winter the Karakoram Highway is often blocked by the snow.
Transport
Today, the famous Karakoram Highway crosses Hunza, connecting Pakistan to China via the Khunjerab Pass. Travelling up the valley from the south, Hunza is the land to the left, and the former state of Nagar to the right of the river. Regular bus and van services operate between Gilgit and Karimabad. PTDC Office at Gilgit and Islamabad arranges tours and transport for visitors.
Spectacular scenery
From Hunza there are spectacular views of some of the most beautiful and magnificent mountains of the world which include Rakaposhi 7,788 m (25,551 ft), Ghenta Peak (7,090m), Hunza Peak (6,270m), Darmyani Peak (6,090m) and Bublimating (6,000m). Hunza Valley is also host to the ancient Baltit Fort and Altit Fort. Baltit Fort stands on top of Karimabad whereas Altit Fort lies at the bottom of the valley.
People of Hunza
As much as the beauty of the valley is famous for its beauty, the people of Hunza are noted for their friendliness and hospitality. The local language is Brushuski but most people understand Urdu and English. The literacy rate of the Hunza valley is believed to be above 90%, virtually every child of the new generation studies up to at least high school. Many pursue higher studies from prestigious colleges and Universities of Pakistan and abroad.
Most of the people of Hunza are Ismaili Muslims, followers of His Highness the Aga Khan. The local language is Brushuski, Urdu and English are also understood by a number of people. The Hunza region is home to people of three ethnicities:
- The Gojal area is mainly populated by Wakhi speakers;
- The Shinaki area is mainly inhabited by Shina speakers;
- The Kanjut area is mainly inhabited by Burushaski speakers.
The Burushaski language is understood throughout Hunza. It is a language isolate. In addition to Burushaski, there also speakers of Wakhi, Shina and Domaaki.
The people of Hunza are collectively termed Hunzakuts, while Burusho refers only to the speakers of Burushaski. The majority of the people are Ismaili Shia Muslims who are followers of the Aga Khan. The present Aga Khan has provided a lot of funding for the area to help with agriculture and the local economy.