John F. Kennedy International Airport

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Template:Airport frame Template:Airport title {{Airport infobox 

| IATA         = JFK
| ICAO         = KJFK
| type         = Public
| run by       = Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
| opened       = July 1, 1948
| closest town = New York, New York
| elevation_ft = 13
| elevation_m  = 4
| coordinates  = Template:Coor dms

}} Template:Runway title {{Runway 

| runway_angle    = 4L/22R
| runway_length_f = 11,351
| runway_length_m = 3,460
| runway_surface  = Asphalt/Concrete

}} {{Runway 

| runway_angle    = 4R/22L
| runway_length_f = 8,400
| runway_length_m = 2,560
| runway_surface  = Asphalt

}} {{Runway 

| runway_angle    = 13L/31R
| runway_length_f = 10,000
| runway_length_m = 3,048
| runway_surface  = Asphalt

}} {{Runway 

| runway_angle    = 13R/31L
| runway_length_f = 14,572
| runway_length_m = 4,442
| runway_surface  = Asphalt/Concrete

}} Template:Airport end frame

John F. Kennedy International Airport Template:Airport codes is an international airport located in Jamaica/Rosedale, Queens, in the south-eastern portion of New York City.

JFK is the top international air passenger gateway to the United States [1] and is also the leading freight gateway to the country by value of shipments. It is the home airport for JetBlue Airways and a major hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. British Airways and United Airlines also have a signifcant presence, with 8 and 16 flights per day, respectively.

The airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which manages the three other major airports in metro New York, Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Teterboro Airport.

Although JFK is known as the premier international hub for both New York City and the United States, it also handles domestic flights, mostly to the West Coast. In 2005 the airport handled 41 million passengers; Newark International handled about 33 million and LaGuardia about 26 million, making for a total of approximately 100 million travelers using New York's airports as the city's airspace surpassed Chicago's to become the busiest in the United States.

JFK's outbound international travel accounted for 17 percent of all U.S. travelers who went overseas in 2004. In 2000, the airport handled on average nearly 50,000 international passengers each day. The JFK-London Heathrow route is the leading U.S. international airport pair with over 2.9 million passengers in 2000. Other top international destinations from JFK are Paris, Frankfurt, and Tokyo. Nearly 100 airlines from over 50 countries operate regularly scheduled flights from JFK, including Aeroflot, Biman Bangladesh, Emirates, Royal Air Maroc, Turkish Airlines and Uzbekistan Airways.

JFK is undergoing a US$10.3 billion redevelopment, one of the largest airport reconstruction projects in the world. The airport recently opened a new Terminal One, Terminal Four and Terminal Eight. Construction has begun on a new Terminal Five. The remaining five terminals are slated for demolition or reconstruction.

Contents

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History

Image:Airports New York City Map Julius Schorzman.png

The airport has been operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey under a lease with New York City since 1947. About $60 million was spent on the construction of the airport, which it is now estimated generates some $6.6 billion of economic activity and 207,000 jobs in the New York metropolitan region.

Construction of the airport began in 1942 with modest ambitions. Only 1,000 acres (4 km²) of land on the site of Idelwild golf course were earmarked for use. The golf course provided the airport's original namesake, Idlewild Airport.

The airport saw its first commercial flight on July 1, 1948. It was dedicated as New York International Airport on July 31 of that same year, although the name "Idlewild" remained in common use and the official IATA airport code was IDL.

As aviation grew, so did Idlewild. New York's importance as an international center of business and commerce meant there was an ever-greater need for more and more capacity. 4,000 acres (16 km²) and eight terminals were eventually added to the original airport. Over the years many illustrious airlines made the airport a major hub, including Pan Am, TWA, Eastern, National, Tower Air, and Flying Tiger Line.

The 1948 Temporary Terminal was the sole terminal until 1957, when the International Arrivals Building opened. Eight other "Unit Terminals" were constructed from 1958 to 1971, each designed by one of the airport's main airlines.

The Pan Am Worldport, now Terminal 3, opened in 1962. It featured a large, elliptical roof suspended by 32 sets of radial posts and cables. The roof extended far beyond the base of the terminal and covered the passenger loading area. It introduced special bridges that connected to the terminal and that could be moved to provide an easy walkway for passengers from the terminal to a docked aircraft.

The TWA Flight Center, now Terminal 5, also opened in 1962. Designed by Eero Saarinen, it was sculpted as an abstract symbol of flight. It is considered one of the most architectually distinguished airport terminal designs in the world. With the demise of TWA, however, it is no longer in use. (JetBlue has announced plans to save the existing TWA Flight Center building as part of a new Terminal 5.[2])

The airport was renamed "John F. Kennedy International Airport" in 1963, one month after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The airport received the new IATA airport code of JFK, and since then the airport has become widely referred to by this abbreviation.

As air traffic in New York continued to grow, both Terminal 5 and Terminal 3 were modified in the 1970s to accommodate new Boeing 747s. The supersonic Concorde, operated by Air France and British Airways, provided scheduled trans-Atlantic supersonic service to JFK from 1977 until 2003, when the Concorde was retired by both carriers. JFK had the most Concorde operations annually of any airport in the world.

In 1998, the airport began construction of the AirTrain JFK rapid transit system. The rail network links each airport terminal to New York City subways and regional commuter trains at Howard Beach and Jamaica.

The $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, Terminal 4, opened in 2001. Replacements for other original terminals have since been completed or are under development.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, JFK was one of the first airports to be temporarily closed.

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Cargo

Image:Planes at JFK.jpg JFK is the nation’s busiest international air freight gateway by value of shipments and the second busiest overall by value including all air, land and sea U.S. freight gateways. Over 21 percent of the value of all U.S. international air freight moved through JFK in 2003. 11 percent of all U.S. international air freight tonnage passes through it.

JFK is a major hub for air cargo between the United States and Europe. London, Brussels and Frankfurt are JFK's three top trade routes. The European airports are mostly a link in a global supply chain, however. The top destination markets for cargo flying out of JFK in 2003 were Tokyo, Seoul and London. Similarly, the top origin markets for imports at JFK were Seoul, Hong Kong, and Taipei, with London taking the fourth spot.

Some of the cargo imported and exported through JFK includes electrical machinery, woven and knit apparel, medical instruments, footwear, plastics and paper.

In 2000 Korean Air Cargo opened a new $102 million cargo terminal at JFK that became one the largest air freight facilities on the East Coast. It has a total warehouse floor area of more than 17,000 sq. meters and is capable of handling 200,000 tons annually. Lufthansa, FedEx, Japan Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, Air France and Asiana are among some of the other major air cargo carriers at JFK.

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Ground transportation

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Rail

JFK is connected to New York's subway and commuter rail system by the recently-constructed AirTrain. AirTrain stops at all terminals, car rental lots, and two subway stations. It is free within the airport, but the fare is $5 to reach the subway stations. Using AirTrain and a connecting commuter train at Jamaica Station, travel time between JFK and midtown Manhattan is about 45 minutes.

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Bus

Various city buses connect to the New York City Subway and Long Island Rail Road, with free transfers provided for Subway connections. The buses are handicapped accessible, but connections may not be.

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Taxi

New York City's yellow cabs, operated by the New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission, offer a flat rate service of $45 (as of 2005) from JFK airport to Manhattan, excluding tips and tolls. This flat rate is in effect only inbound to Manhattan from the airport; from Manhattan to JFK, taxi passengers pay the metered rate.

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Helicopter

The fastest mode of travel between lower Manhattan and JFK airport is with US Helicopter, which has scheduled helicopter flights every hour from the Downtown Manhattan Heliport. The flights last less than 10 minutes and cost $139 each way. Included in the price is the luxury of avoiding long security screening lines at the airport. Passengers travelling by helicopter pass through X-ray and bomb-detection machines at a security checkpoint operated at the heliport.

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Terminals, airlines and destinations

Image:JFK airport map.png Two pairs of parallel runways, four in all, surround the central terminal area. Runway 13R-31L is the second longest commercial runway in North America, at a length of 14,572 ft (4,441 m). There are also numerous large facilities north and west of the central terminals for air cargo handling and loading.

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Terminal 1

The site was originally occupied by Eastern Airlines' 1958 terminal. The original terminal was demolished and replaced by a new terminal, financed by a consortium of four international airlines (Air France, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, and Lufthansa), which was completed in 1998 and has eleven gates.

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Terminal 2

Terminal 2 was completed in 1962 for Northwest Airlines, Northeast Airlines, and Braniff Airways. It later evolved as an extension of the Pan Am terminal (see below) for domestic flights. Delta Air Lines acquired the terminal in Pan Am's wake and now uses it primarily for its low-fare subsidiary, Song. T2 has ten gates, numbered 20 through 29.

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Terminal 3

Terminal 3, which opened in 1960, was constructed for Pan American World Airways and was originally known as the Pan Am Terminal. In 1971 it was expanded and renamed as the "Pan Am Worldport". It is particularly famous for its "flying saucer" roof and noted for its rooftop parking facilities: upon its expansion in 1972, it was also briefly the world's largest airline terminal. Delta Air Lines purchased the terminal lease from failing Pan Am in 1991, and announced plans to demolish the terminal entirely in 2000, but later opted to refurbish the terminal instead. T3 has fourteen jetway equipped gates with two gates (Gates 11 & 18) being used as remote pads for Delta Connection Operations.

  • CSA Czech Airlines (Prague)
  • Delta Air Lines (Acapulco, Amsterdam, Athens, Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin-Tegel, Boston, Brussels, Budapest (starts May 8, 2006), Chennai, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Dublin (starts May 15, 2006), Fort Lauderdale (starts May 1, 2006), Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kiev (starts June 1, 2006), Las Vegas (starts May 1, 2006), Los Angeles, Los Cabos, Madrid, Manchester (UK) (starts May 15, 2006), Mexico City, Milan-Malpensa, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Mumbai, Nassau (starts May 1, 2006), Nice, Oranjestad (starts May 1, 2006), Orlando (starts May 1, 2006), Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Puerto Vallarta, Rome-Fiumicino, Salt Lake City, San Diego (begins June 8th, 2006), San Francisco, San Juan (starts May 1, 2006), Santiago (DR), Santo Domingo (DR), São Paulo-Guarulhos (begins June 16, 2006), Seattle/Tacoma (starts May 1, 2006), Shannon (starts May 15, 2006), Tampa (starts May 1, 2006), West Palm Beach (starts May 1, 2006), Venice, Washington-Reagan)
    • Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines (Atlanta, Washington-Dulles)
    • Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines (Columbus)
    • Delta Connection operated by Comair (Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo (starts June 8, 2006), Burlington (starts July 5, 2006), Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland (starts June 8, 2006), Colorado Springs, Detroit, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (ends May 1, 2006), Miami, Montreal (starts June 8, 2006), Nashville, Nassau, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond (starts July 5, 2006), Rochester (starts June 8, 2006), St. Louis, Tampa, Toronto)
    • Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines (Albany (starts August 1, 2006), Baltimore/Washington (starts September 5, 2006), Hartford/Springfield (starts August 15, 2006), Norfolk (starts July 5, 2006), Philadelphia (starts July 15, 2006), Providence (starts August 15, 2006), Syracuse (starts August 1, 2006), Washington-Dulles (starts July 5, 2006), Washington-Reagan (starts September 15, 2006)
    • Delta Connection operated by Shuttle America (Austin, Columbus)
  • Miami Air (Non-Miami Air Operated Charters)
  • Royal Jordanian Airlines (Amman)
  • Saudi Arabian Airlines (arrivals)
  • Sun Country Airlines (Minneapolis/St. Paul)
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Terminal 4

Image:Passport-control-jfk-02.jpg Image:IMG 0854r.jpg

Terminal 4 opened in 2001 to replace the former International Arrivals Terminal. (The International Arrivals Terminal was an international style building that was built in the 1950s, and was one of the airport's earliest terminals.) It is the only 24-hour terminal at the airport, and features a modular design that will allow it to be expanded further if necessary. The terminal is run by a private consortium comprising Lehman Brothers, real estate developer LCOR Inc. and Dutch-based airport operator Schiphol USA. It currently has sixteen gates. It is the only terminal in JFK with 24-hour Federal Inspection Service.

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Terminal 5 (closed)

Image:08terminal5.jpg

Terminal 5 was formerly the TWA terminal. It was designed by Eero Saarinen and completed in 1962. It is the airport's most famous landmark.

Following American Airlines' buyout of TWA in 2001, Terminal 5 went out of service. Its unique architectural features prevented the installation of modern security and ticketing facilities. The Port Authority had proposed converting the main portion of the building into a restaurant and conference center, but some architectural critics opposed this move.

In December 2005, JetBlue, which occupies the adjacent Terminal 6, began construction of an expanded terminal facility, which will utilize the front portion of Saarinen's Terminal 5 as an entry point. The peripheral air-side parts of Terminal 5 are expected to be demolished to make space for a mostly new terminal, which will have 26 gates and is expected to be complete by 2008.

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Terminal 6

Terminal 6 was originally built for National Airlines in 1969: TWA procured the building lease after National was sold to Pan Am. During the late 1990's, TWA leased part of the terminal to United Airlines who used it to fly to Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego. Following TWA's demise, T6 was partly renovated for the use of JetBlue Airways, requiring $7.5 million of capital investment for new terminal facilities and roadway upgrades. JetBlue's main operations hub is now housed in Terminal 6. It has fourteen gates.

  • JetBlue Airways (Aguadilla, Austin, Bermuda (starts May 4, 2006), Boston, Buffalo, Burbank, Burlington, Charlotte (starts July 12, 2006), Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Jacksonville (FL) (starts June 15, 2006), Las Vegas, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Nassau, New Orleans, Oakland, Ontario, Orlando, Phoenix, Pittsburgh (starts June 30, 2006), Ponce, Portland (ME) (starts May 23, 2006), Portland (OR), Raleigh-Durham (starts July 20, 2006), Richmond (VA), Rochester (NY), Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Jose (CA), San Juan, Santiago DR (departures), Seattle/Tacoma, Syracuse, Tampa, West Palm Beach)

Image:IMG 0873r.jpg

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Terminal 7

Terminal 7 was originally known as the British Airways Terminal. It was completed in 1970 and extensively expanded and refurbished in 1991 and again in 2003. It is shaped like a rectangle, and has twelve gates around its airside perimeter.

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Terminal 8

Terminal 8 was completed in 1960 and originally known as the American Airlines Terminal. It is easily recognizable by its colorful stained-glass façade created by the American artist Robert Sowers. It has fifteen gates on two concourses, A (gates 1-10) and B (gates 20-24).

  • American Airlines (Barbados, Bermuda, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Cancún, Caracas, Kingston, Kralendijk, Miami, Montego Bay, Oranjestad, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Port-au-Prince, Providenciales, Puerto Plata [seasonal], Punta Cana, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, São Paulo-Guarulhos, St. Maarten, San José (CR), Santiago (DR), Santo Domingo, St. Thomas, Zürich)
  • Finnair (Helsinki)
  • Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest)
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Terminal 9

Terminal 9 is a mid-field satellite terminal connected to the landside by underground walkway. The current concourse opened on August 24, 2005, completing a phase-out of the old Terminal 9, which was completed in 1959 and previously known as the United Airlines Terminal. Both Terminal 8 and Terminal 9 will eventually be replaced by a $1.4 billion, 2.2 million square foot (200,000 m²) "mega-terminal," which will accommodate American Airlines' international and domestic passengers in one facility, in 2007: the next step is to demolish Terminal 8 and the old Terminal 9 to make way for the rest of the new terminal, which will eventually consist of two piers and a satellite [3][4].

  • American Airlines (Brussels, Dallas/Fort Worth, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Orange County, Phoenix, Rome-Fiumicino (seasonal), San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan, Seattle/Tacoma, Tokyo-Narita)
    • American Eagle (Boston, Baltimore/Washington, Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland, Halifax, Montreal-Trudeau, Raleigh/Durham, St. Louis, Washington-Reagan)
  • US Helicopter (Downtown Manhattan Heliport, Pier 6 - East River.
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Other facilities

JFK has dedicated cargo terminals for Continental Airlines, Emirates SkyCargo, Evergreen International Airlines, EVA Air,Fed Ex, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Nippon Cargo Airlines, Northwest Airlines, United Airlines, and UPS. Most cargo and maintenance facilities at JFK are located north and west of the main terminal area.

JetBlue Airways built a central maintenance and operations base at JFK, which was completed in May of 2005.

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Accidents

JFK has been the site of several notable air disasters.

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Other disasters involving JFK

Several aircraft based at JFK were also targets of the failed Project Bojinka terrorist plot in 1995.

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JFK Airport in popular culture

As one of the major international gateways in the United States, JFK has enjoyed a high profile in popular culture. The British Invasion began with the arrival of The Beatles at JFK in 1964, who held their first American press conference at the airport. Many films have used the airport as a setting, including:

Also, the 1961-63 comedy TV series titled Car 54, Where Are You? had the following line in its theme song:

"There's a scout troop short a child, Khruschev's due at Idlewild"

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External links

Template:Commons

Template:US-airport Template:Mapit-US-hoodscale

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See also

Template:New York Cityda:John F. Kennedy International Airport de:John F. Kennedy International Airport es:Aeropuerto Internacional John F. Kennedy fr:Aéroport international John-F.-Kennedy nl:John F. Kennedy International Airport ja:ジョン・F・ケネディ国際空港 sv:John F. Kennedy International Airport tl:Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng John F. Kennedy zh:甘迺迪國際機場

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