List of operating systems
From Free net encyclopedia
Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX), real-time or embedded only (QNX), PDA, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.
[edit]
Early, and historically important
- CTSS (The Compatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT by Corbato, et al)
- Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
- THE operating system (by Dijkstra et al.)
- Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
- Master programme (developed for Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962)
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (developed by Regnecentralen in 1969)
See also: Operating systems timeline
[edit]
Early, proprietary microcomputer OS
- Apple Computer Apple DOS (initial version was Read-only memory firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
- The very first IBM-PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CP/M-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair Micro and QX, etc
- TRS-DOS, ROM OS's (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions)
- TI99/4A
- Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based micros)
- mini-FLEX (by TSC for 5.25" disks on 6800 based machines)
- CMT-ROS
[edit]
Proprietary
[edit]
Acorn
[edit]
Amiga
- AmigaOS
- Amiga Unix, a.k.a. Amix
[edit]
Apple/Macintosh
- Apple DOS
- ProDOS
- GS/OS
- Lisa OS
- A/UX
- Mac OS
- System Software 6
- System 7 (code-named "Big Bang")
- Mac OS 8
- Mac OS 9
- Mac OS X
- Mac OS X v10.0 (aka Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah")
- Mac OS X v10.1 (aka Mac OS X 10.1 "Puma")
- Mac OS X v10.2 (aka Mac OS X 10.2 "Jaguar")
- Mac OS X v10.3 (aka Mac OS X 10.3 "Panther")
- Mac OS X v10.4 (aka Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger")
- Mac OS X v10.5 (aka Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard")
- Mac OS X Server
- Darwin -- open source underpinnings to MacOS X, based on FreeBSD and NextStep
[edit]
Array Networks
[edit]
Atari ST
[edit]
Burroughs (later Unisys)
[edit]
Convergent Technologies
Later acquired by Unisys.
[edit]
Be Incorporated
[edit]
Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP
- AIS
- OS/8
- ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- MPE (from HP)
- TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
- WAITS
- TENEX (from BBN)
- TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
- RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s)
- RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
- RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
- VMS (by DEC for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS)
- Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computers who were bought by HP)
- HP-UX
- Ultrix
- Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP's Tru64)
- NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
- Guardian
- OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
[edit]
IBM
- PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS)
- OS/2 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
- OS/2 Warp
- eComStation (licensed to Serenity Systems International)
- Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim)
- TOS
- OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture)
- DOS/360
- DOS/VSE
- z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line)
- VM/CMS
- z/VM (latest version of the VM line)
- MFT (later called OS/VS1)
- MVT (later called OS/VS2)
- SVS
- MVS (latest variant of MVT)
- TPF
- OS/390
- z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS)
- i5/OS formerly OS/400
- AIX (a version of Unix)
- AOS (a version of BSD Unix)
- ALCS
- IBSYS
- DPPX
- K42
IBM has also contributed a significant amount of code to the open source operating system Linux (below).
[edit]
Microsoft
- Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in '90s)
- MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
- Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
- Windows CE 3.0
- Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
- Windows CE 5.0
- Microsoft Windows
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 (the first version to make substantial commercial impact)
- Windows 3.1x
- Windows 3.2 (Chinese only release)
- Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
- Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
- Windows 98 Second Edition (Often shortened to Windows 98 SE) (aka Windows 4.2)
- Windows Me (aka Windows 4.9, not 4.3 due to the version number.)
- OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM)
- Windows NT
- Windows NT 3.1
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 3.51
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1)
- Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2)
- Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0)
[edit]
Other
- Desqview, allows running multiple copies of DOS concurrently on one machine.
- EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
- GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
- NCR IRX - operating system used by NCR I-9040 series
- THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
- TinyOS
- TX/4 and DX/10 - proprietary operating systems for TI 990 minicomputers
- ReactOS - Windows NT clone
[edit]
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems
- Aegis (Apollo Computers)
- Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
- Cromix (Unix-like OS from Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT; a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
- OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO Group)
- SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS RISC architecture)
- Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
- SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
- UniFlex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- UniCOS
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
- SkyOS (developed by Robert Szeleney)
[edit]
UNIVAC (later Unisys)
[edit]
Nonproprietary Unix-like
[edit]
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems
- Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
- Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
- Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
- Plan 9 from Bell Labs (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
- Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
- Solaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code (open source since release 10)
[edit]
Open source Unix-like
- OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- Linux
- OpenDarwin
- GNU Hurd
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
[edit]
Nonproprietary non-Unix-like
[edit]
Research non-Unix-like
- Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)
- Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
- TUNES, 1994
- V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
- L4 Second generation microkernel
- ILIOS Research OS designed for routing purposes. Look at http://www.rink.nu for the sources.
[edit]
Open source non-Unix-like
- ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
- Haiku (an open source BeOS reimplementation - still under development)
[edit]
Disk operating system
- QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant)
- Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first Multiuser variant of DOS)
- Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's (later CCI's. Real's/...] Multiuser variant of DOS)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
[edit]
Network operating systems
- Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
- Cambridge Ring O/S
- CSIRONET (CSIRO)
- CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
- NOS, developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers.
- Brocade Fabric OS
[edit]
Generic/commodity, non-Unix, and other
- BLIS/COBOL
- Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- BS1000 by Siemens AG
- BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationsysteme)
- BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- JavaOS
- Jnode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
- KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX for 31-bit mode
- nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- SEAL System is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS.
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- TripOS, 1978
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
- VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
- VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
- VM2000 by Siemens AG
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
- aceos under GPL *
[edit]
Operating systems for БК soviet personal computer
- ANDOS
- MK-DOS
- CSI-DOS
- NORD
- ОС БК-11 (a version of RT-11)
- AO-DOS
- BASIS
- DOSB10
- PascalDOS
- MicroDOS
- DX-DOS
- HC-DOS
- RT-11 (ROM embedded)
- NORTON-БК
- РАМОН
- KMON
- Turbo-DOS
[edit]
Hobby OS
- Agnix
- AMOS
- AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
- AtheOS became Syllable
- BlueIllusion OS
- BOS - 100% assembler OS
- Brainix
- CalotaOS (Calota Software Labs Operating System)
- Clicker
- Desert Spring-Time - An Ocaml based operating system
- EROS
- Glider - Homepage
- Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
- HelenOS
- IsaacOS
- LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system inspired by the operating system shown in Serial Experiments Lain)
- LSE/OS
- MenuetOS is an extremely compact OS written entirely in FASM assembly language
- MMURTL (written by Richard Burgess; presented in MMURTL V1.0 (2000) ISBN 1588530000)
- NewOS
- Panalix
- Sanos (Minimalistic x86 OS kernel)
- SOFregit (Operating System for educational purposes)
- Syllable (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
- Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
- Trion Operating System
- Unununium - Homepage
- Visopsys
[edit]
Embedded
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- ROM-DOS
- Embedded Linux
- Minix version 3
- Windows Embedded
[edit]
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
- EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
- Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft
- Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
- Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
- DOS on Poqet PC
- Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
[edit]
Smartphones
- Windows CE
- Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola's A760, E680
- Mobilinux by Montavista.
- Symbian OS
- Windows Mobile
[edit]
Router
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
- IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
- CatOS by Cisco Systems
- PIX OS by Cisco Systems
- JUNOS by Juniper Networks
- ROS by Ruggedcom
[edit]
Microcontroller, Real-time operating system
- Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
- Contiki written in C programming language
- LUnix written in 6502
- eCos
- FreeRTOS [1]
- INTEGRITY [2]
- LynxOS
- OSEK
- MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux)
- Nucleus
- OS-9 by Microware
- QNX
- Rtems [3]
- RTLinux
- Salvo [4]
- ThreadX
- TRON (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
- µCLinux
- VRTX
- VxWorks
- XMK (eXtreme Minimal Kernel)
- Operating System Embedded usually known as OSE
- Phoenix-RTOS
[edit]
Interpreted
[edit]
Fictional operating systems
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.
- Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
- ALTIMIT OS - From .hack
- Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
- Wheatonix - April fool's joke
- Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
- Luna/X - Google's 2004 April Fool's joke [5]
- Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
- LCARS- From television's Star Trek
- NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
- Jesux - A linux distro supposedly for Christian hackers - was a hoax.
- lesbian GNU/Linux
- HeliacOS - Parody on SkyOS
- Winux: 2004 - A merger of Windows and Linux. A joke from the comic Sluggy Freelance.
See also Hollywood operating system
[edit]
LEGO Mindstorms
[edit]
See also
- Category:Operating systems
- Category:Real-time operating systems
- Category:Embedded operating systems
- Category:Unix
- Category:Free software
[edit]
External links
- A catalog of operating systems
- Old amateur operating systems
- OS History - Historic timeline of non-Unix operating systemsbs:Spisak operativnih sistema
da:Styresystemer de:Liste der Betriebssysteme it:Lista dei Sistemi Operativi he:מערכות הפעלה ku:Lîsteya Pergalên Xebatê hu:Operációs rendszerek listája nl:Besturingssysteem pt:Lista de sistemas operativos ru:Список операционных систем simple:List of operating systems sv:Lista över operativsystem zh:操作系统列表